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Etna volcano: the great flank eruption in July 2001

A look back to one of the most spectacular eruptions on Etna in recent decades.

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July 25, 2001. The 2500m vent near the Montagnola summit (300m away from the mountain station of the cable car) continues to emit heavy loads of ash raining down over Etna's SE flank. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
July 25, 2001. The 2500m vent near the Montagnola summit (300m away from the mountain station of the...
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Heavy ash clouds are blasted out of the new vent at 2500 m elevation, near the upper cable car station. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
Heavy ash clouds are blasted out of the new vent at 2500 m elevation, near the upper cable car stati...
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25 July 2001. The new crater at 2500m continues to grow fast, almost visibly. In short succession it is ejecting 50-100m high jets and fountains of lava. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
25 July 2001. The new crater at 2500m continues to grow fast, almost visibly. In short succession it...
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Lava fountains from the 2500 m vent. MOntagnola in the background. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
Lava fountains from the 2500 m vent. MOntagnola in the background. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
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Occasionally, fascinating giant magma bubbles up to 50m diameter explode within the crater, thus indicating the presence of a high-level lava lake within the crater. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
Occasionally, fascinating giant magma bubbles up to 50m diameter explode within the crater, thus ind...
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Exploding lava bubble. A loud detonation and a strong shock wave, that felt like a punch into the stomach when observed from 300 meters distance, accompanies these bursts. Even in 10 km distance, windows rattle. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
Exploding lava bubble. A loud detonation and a strong shock wave, that felt like a punch into the st...
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In anticipation of the expected lava flows, bulldozers are trying to build dikes to protect the lower cable car area. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
In anticipation of the expected lava flows, bulldozers are trying to build dikes to protect the lowe...
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(Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
(Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
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Lava fountain from the 2500 m vent. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
Lava fountain from the 2500 m vent. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
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The activity at the 2500 m vent reaches a peak in violence on July 24. A pulsating, ash-rich lava fountain reaches several 100 m height and ash is raining down in Catania, where the airport is shut down. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
The activity at the 2500 m vent reaches a peak in violence on July 24. A pulsating, ash-rich lava fo...
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A magnificient moment of the lava fountain. This photo was also featured in National Geographic's article about Etna (Feb 2002 issue). (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
A magnificient moment of the lava fountain. This photo was also featured in National Geographic's ar...
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The lava fountain is relatively "cold" and much of the erupted magma is fragmented into dark ash. It is believed that this is caused by contact of the rising magma with locally present ground water (phreatomagmatic activity). (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
The lava fountain is relatively "cold" and much of the erupted magma is fragmented into dark ash. It...
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Pulsating lava fountain producing an ash cloud rising several kilometers. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
Pulsating lava fountain producing an ash cloud rising several kilometers. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
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The lower part of the lava fountain at night. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
The lower part of the lava fountain at night. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
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The lava fountain at night is too bright to be allow very long exposures... (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
The lava fountain at night is too bright to be allow very long exposures... (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
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Night-time lava fountain. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
Night-time lava fountain. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)
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