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jeudi, août 31, 2006

Only two weeks after the end of the July eruption, Piton de la Fournaise volcano started a new eruption on August 30, 11:35 local time.
A very soft "seismic crisis" of about 10 small events occurred at 10:00 in the morning. At 11:35 eruption tremor appeared very slowly and without any further seismicity and a summit eruption started on the south-east-south edge of Dolomieu crater.Scientists of the Reunion University which were on the summit could observe the beginning eruption.Two fissures opened, the first one within Dolomieu crater is very active and a large part of the crater floor was already covered by a lava flow in the afternoon. The second fissure one just outside of Dolomieu crater produced a lava flow on the east flank of Piton de la Fournaise, but ceased its activity in the afternoon. At present eruption tremor is still at a quite high level and a new eruption cone is forming within Dolomieu crater.

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This morning at around 8:30 am local time, new eruptive activity was first observed at the SE crater of Etna volcano, which had had its last brief eruption in late July. The onset of new strombolian activity had been preceded by a seismic swarm at around 11pm last night.

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mardi, août 29, 2006

The lava dome at Soufrière Hills continues to grow at moderate rate. No significant pyroclastic flows have occurred over the past weeks.

samedi, août 26, 2006

During 16-22 August, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater during most of the reporting period.

Activity at Karymsky continued during 12-18 August, with 60-500 shallow earthquakes occurring daily. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash plumes reached altitudes of 3.7 km (12,140 ft) a.s.l. According to the Airport Meteorological Center (AMC) in Yelizovo, on 16 August a pilot saw an ash plume rise to ~6.5 km (21,300 ft.) a.s.l. and drift NE. Karymsky remained at Concern Color Code Orange

Ash explosions from Fuego reached 300-800 m above the summit (13,300-15,000 ft a.s.l.) on 16 and 21 August. Explosions of incandescent material on 16, 18, and 21 August produced avalanches that descended 300-500 m SW towards the Ceniza, Taniluyá, and Santa Teresa river valleys.

Older satellite photo of Tungurahua volcano at eruptions (source NASA 2004)
Older satellite photo of Tungurahua volcano at eruptions (source NASA 2004)

A large eruption of Tungurahua began on 16 August at 19:00 and continued to 17 August at 02:00, when activity began to diminish.
According to the Instituto Geofísico, seismic activity increased on 16 August and clinometer measurements indicated a bulge on the N flank as compared to 11 August measurements.

Ash-and-gas plumes reached heights of 3 km above the summit (26,300 ft a.s.l.) and drifted W and NW.

About 3,200 people were evacuated from at-risk areas.

On 17 August, about 20 pyroclastic flows traveled NW through the Achupashal, La Hacienda, and Mandur drainages, and NNW towards the Juive and Vazcún drainages.
The Chambo and Puela rivers and several roads to the W and S were blocked by pyroclastic-flow debris. Tephra fall (3 cm in diameter) was reported from several areas in a zone that extended from Penipe in the SW to about 15 km NW.

Ash plumes reached estimated heights of 10 km above the summit (49,000 ft a.s.l.) and covered the central part of Ecuador, forming a cloud ~742 km long and ~185 km wide trending NNW and SSE.

On 18 August, incandescent blocks were ejected from the summit and descended about 1.7 km down the flanks. Based on seismic interpretation, one of the blockages damming part of the Chambo River had been breached.

During 18-19 August, the N flank continued to inflate.

During 20-21 August, steam emissions were observed during breaks in the cloud cover and the N flank exhibited deflation.

On 23 August, two lava flows were identified on the NW slope moving at a slow rate. According to news reports, ash and debris fall caused fires and severe damage to five villages. An estimated 20,000 hectares (50,000 acres) of crops were destroyed. At least five people are dead or missing, and several more were injured. An estimated 4,000 people have been relocated to shelters.

PHIVOLCS reported that explosions from Mayon continued during 16-19 August.
On 17 August, ash-and-steam plumes drifted at least 5.3 km NE and reached the town Calbayog, where light ashfall was reported. Lava extrusion and collapsing lava-flow fronts that produced blocks and small fragments on the SE slopes continued during the reporting period.
On 18 August, the Mibinit/Bonga valley lava flows reached ~6.8 km SE from the summit. The following day, PHIVOLCS estimated that the volume of erupted volcanic deposits was 36 to 41 million cubic meters.

vendredi, août 18, 2006

The eruption of Tungurahua volcano caused about 60 fatalities. Villages are destroyed and people are lost. The roads around the volcano are closed. The eruptions are strong, throwing hot rocks in great distances causing devastation and volcanic dust destroys the harvest and some forests. A end of this eruption is not in sight. Lava flowing into rivera my cause lahars.

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The Piton de la Fournaise volcano, the eruption of which started on July 20, stopped on August 14 at 23:00 local time.
The total output was estimated to about 2 to 3 x10^6 m3 and the debit was particularly small compared to the pre eruptive deformations observed since March and let presume an other eruption before the end of 2006.

Strombolian activity at Semeru was observed to be weak during the past days when our group observed and climbed the volcano. Ash emissions are taking place at irregular intervals of 5-20 minutes and rarely exceed 300-500 m in height. During the night, only little incandescent bombs and blocks are visible. 

Glowing rockfalls at Merapi volcano at night (Aug. 2006)
Glowing rockfalls at Merapi volcano at night (Aug. 2006)

Merapi volcano continues to be active, although the rate of the lava dome growth has been slowing down. During our ongoing tour, we visited the volcano on several occasions and observed a number of glowing rock avalanches to the SE side, travelling to a maximum of about 1 km from the summit. No pyroclastic flows were observed.

jeudi, août 17, 2006

According to the Darwin VAAC, an ash-and-steam plume from Ulawun that was reported on 15 August by the US Air Force Weather Agency rose to an altitude of ~3.7 km (~12,000 ft.) a.s.l. The plume was also visible on satellite imagery.

According to the Buenos Aires VAAC, during 8-13 August pilots reported that ash plumes emitted from Ubinas reached altitudes of between 4.9 and 5.5 km (16,000 ft-18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted generally N, E, and S. Ash was also visible on satellite imagery.

During 9-15 August, small-to-moderate explosions at Tungurahua produced plumes composed of gas, steam, and small amounts of ash that reached heights of ~1 km (~3,300 ft.) above the summit (~19,800 ft a.s.l.). Light ashfall was reported in nearby localities during 9-10 August. On 9 and 13 August, explosions expelled blocks of incandescent material that rolled 100 m down the W flank.

Based on information from JMA, the Tokyo VAAC reported explosions from Suwanose-jima during 11-14 August. The resulting plumes reached maximum altitudes of 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N and W. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery.

During 9-15 August, the lava dome at Mount St. Helens continued to grow. Earthquakes occurred during the reporting period that occasionally triggered rockfalls. A steam plume was observed rising from the growing lava dome on 13 August. The hazard status remained at Volcano Advisory (Alert Level 2); aviation color code Orange.

During 4-11 August, the Soufrière Hills lava dome continued to grow. The sulfur-dioxide flux averaged 230 metric tons per day. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5).

Explosions at Santa María's Santiaguito lava-dome complex on 9 and 10 August produced gas-and-steam plumes with little-to-no ash content. These plumes reached heights of ~1.5 km above the summit (~17,300 ft a.s.l.) and drifted SW.

Based on information from JMA, the Tokyo VAAC reported that an eruption at Sakura-jima on 9 August generated a plume that rose straight up to ~2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l.

According to the Darwin VAAC, an ash plume from Manam was visible on satellite imagery extending NW on 9 August. Ash was not identified on subsequent imagery on 9 and 10 August. A small plume was visible on satellite imagery on 15 August.

According to the Darwin VAAC, an ash plume from Langila was visible on satellite imagery extending NW on 9 August. Ash was not identified on subsequent imagery on 9 and 10 August.

During 9-15 August, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki and East Ka`ili`ili entries. Incandescence was visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater during most of the reporting period. Tremor remained at a very typical moderate level at Pu'u 'O'o.

Based on interpretations of seismic and satellite data, KVERT reported that during 5-11 August explosions from Karymsky produced ash plumes that rose to altitudes of 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and extended NW. Approximately 100-250 shallow earthquakes occurred daily. A thermal anomaly was present in the crater during the reporting period. Karymsky remained at Concern Color Code Orange

During 7-13 August, lava flows from Karangetang advanced E toward the Batu Awang river. Incandescent rockfalls originating from lava flow fronts were also observed. The Alert Level remained at 3.

In July, activity from Arenal's Crater C consisted of lava flows traveling N, gas emission, sporadic Strombolian eruptions, and occasional avalanches from lava-flow fronts. Volcanic activity was at low levels, with few eruptions occurring and a small amount of pyroclastic material ejected. Eruptions produced ash plumes that rose ~500 m above the crater (or 7,100 ft a.s.l.). Ash and acid rain fell on the NE and SE flanks. Small avalanches of volcanic material traveled down several ravines. There was only fumarolic activity at Crater D.

During 9-15 August, explosive activity continued at Mayon after a brief respite on 8 August. Based on interpretations of seismic data, minor explosions during 9-11 and 13-15 August were accompanied by lava extrusion and collapsing lava flow fronts that produced blocks and small fragments. Visual observations were usually obscured by clouds, but on 11 August an ash plume was seen drifting ESE. On 12 August, out of four explosions that occurred, one produced a pyroclastic flow that traveled over the SE and E slopes and generated a plume that rose 500 m high and drifted NE. On 15 August, a brief break in the clouds allowed for a view and confirmation of fresh pyroclastic deposits from activity the previous days.
About 40,000 people remained in evacuation centers. The Extended Danger Zone of 8 km in the SE sector was still in effect.

jeudi, janv. 01, 1970

AVO reduced the Concern Color Code at Augustine from Yellow to Green on 9 August. Seismic, satellite, and visual data indicated a decrease in activity to background levels. No changes were seen at the summit during the previous several months. AVO warned that the lava dome and surrounding area were still unstable despite the apparent cessation of lava-dome growth. Rockfalls and avalanches were still occurring, especially on the N flank, and may continue for several weeks or months.

jeudi, août 10, 2006

According to the Buenos Aires VAAC, during 1-8 August pilots reported that ash plumes emitted from Ubinas reached altitudes of between 4.6 km to 6.7 km (15,000 ft-22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted generally NE and SW. Ash was visible on satellite imagery on 4 and 6 August.

During 2-8 August, the lava dome at Mount St. Helens continued to grow and produce small rockfalls. On 5 August, two earthquakes (the largest, M 3.6) triggered rockfalls. Resulting dust plumes rose well above the crater rim. The hazard status remained at Volcano Advisory (Alert Level 2); aviation color code Orange.

During 29 July-4 August, the Soufrière Hills lava dome continued to grow, mainly to the E. The loss of prominent spines made the dome appear more symmetrical. On 2 August, a small pyroclastic flow occurred and was associated with light ash fall to the N of the island. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5).

Eruption plumes from Semeru were visible on satellite imagery on 2 August. They reached a maximum altitude of 5.2 km (17,000 ft) a.s.l.

Based on information from JMA, the Tokyo VAAC reported that an explosion at Sakura-jima on 2 August generated a plume that rose to ~2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW.

According to the Washington VAAC, the Meteorological Watch Office reported emissions from Popocatépetl on 3 August. Ash was not visible on satellite imagery. A bright glow was visible with the camera operated by CENEPRED.

On 4 and 5 August, an ash plume from Manam was visible on satellite imagery at an unknown altitude and extended 30 km NW.

A 4-hectare (10-acre) area of the lava delta at Kilauea's East Lae`apuki collapsed into the ocean on 30 July.
The collapse represented less than 15% of the delta's total area.
During 2-8 August, lava from the PKK lava tube flowed into the ocean at two entries on the SE flank, East Lae`apuki and about 3.5 km E at East Ka`ili`ili. Tilt at the Pu`u `O`o cone displayed a saw tooth pattern and tremor remained at a moderate level.

Activity at Karymsky continued during 29 July-4 August, with 100-300 shallow earthquakes occurring daily.
Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash plumes reached altitudes of 3.1 km (10,200 ft) a.s.l.
According to the Tokyo VAAC, the Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismological Department (KEMSD) reported that on 4 August ash plumes reached altitudes of 3.7 km (12,000 ft) a.s.l.
A thermal anomaly in the crater was observed. Karymsky remained at Concern Color Code Orange

According to the Instituto Geofísico, on 1 August a pyroclastic flow from Tungurahua that traveled an unstated distance W left deposits an estimated 50 m thick consisting largely of blocks and ash.
On 2 August, a small lahar that traveled NW caused the closing of a highway. Strombolian activity was observed at night on 3 August. Small explosions were registered during 3-7 August. On 6 August, light ash fall was reported ~8 km SW in the town of Manzano.

Based on pilot reports, the Darwin VAAC reported that eruption plumes from Merapi on 2 and 3 August reached altitudes of ~6.1 km (~20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W.
According to CVGHM, during 2-4 August rockfalls traveled 1 km SE toward the Gendol river and gas plumes reached a maximum of 400 m above the summit (10,900 ft a.s.l.). On 3 August, the Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4).

PHIVOLCS reported that during 2-8 August, lava from Mayon continued to flow mainly SSE along the Mabinit channel and subsequently over a broad sector of the upper and middle SE slopes.
During 17 July-3 August, the volume of lava discharged amounted to 17 million cubic meters.Voluminous steaming accompanied lava extrusion.
On 4 August, lava flows extended 30 m beyond the 6-km-radius region designated as the Permanent Danger Zone.
Areas SE and E experienced light ash fall on 4 August generated by the collapse of deposits.
On 6 August, lava flows spilled into the Bonga Valley, E of the Mabinit Chanel.
The Tokyo VAAC reported an eruption cloud at 2331 that reached an altitude of 3.4 km (11,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. On 7 August, the Alert Level was raised to 4 (scale is 0-5, 0 referring to No Alert status) and the Extended Danger Zone (8 km from the summit) was defined.
Three explosions (out of nine in a 24-hour period) at 22:36, 22:46, and 22:49 produced incandescent ejections of lava fragments, ash, gas, and steam.
According to news reports, ~40,000 people were evacuated from inside the Extended Danger Zone to 20 evacuation centers on 7 and 8 August.
A bigger explosion is expected in the next days or weeks.

On 2 August, the Alert Level at Karangetang was raised to 4, the highest level.

During 1-5 August, white plumes reached heights of 50-300 m (164-984 ft) above the summit (6,000-6,800 ft a.s.l.). Lava flows advanced hundreds of meters to over a kilometer E toward the Batu Awang river and S towards the Keting river during the reporting period.
Incandescent rockfalls originating from the summit and ends of the lava flows traveled hundreds of meters E toward the Kahetang and Batu Awang rivers and S towards the Keting and Batang rivers.

On 5 August, the Alert level was lowered to 3.

mercredi, août 09, 2006

Based on information from JMA, the Tokyo VAAC reported explosions from Suwanose-jima during 26-30 July. The resulting plumes reached maximum altitudes of 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery.

During 26 July-1 August, the lava dome at Mount St. Helens continued to grow. Rockfalls accompanied minor earthquakes ranging from M 3-3.6 on 26, 28, and 31 July. The hazard status remained at Volcano Advisory (Alert Level 2); aviation color code Orange.

Lava dome growth continued at Soufrière Hills during 21-28 July. On 27 July, the blocky spine first observed on 21 July was seen leaning to the E, and many new spines had formed along the S-N-trending crest of the lava dome. Seismic activity decreased during the reporting period. On 30 July, a thermal anomaly was visible on satellite imagery.

According to the Darwin VAAC, on 24-25 and 31 July small plumes from Semeru were visible on satellite imagery and reached unknown altitudes.

According to the Washington VAAC, ash plumes from Popocatépetl were visible on satellite imagery on 25 and 27 July. These were reported by the Mexico City Meteorological Watch Office to reach altitudes of 9.8 km (32,000 ft.) a.s.l. and drift WSW.

Incandescent rock avalanches from Merapi were observed almost daily during 26 July-1 August, advancing at a maximum distance of 2 km SE toward the Gendol River. On 29 July, gas plumes reached maximum heights of 430 m above the summit (11,000 ft a.s.l.). Pyroclastic flows were not observed during the reporting period. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4).

...plus [lire toutes]

During 26 July-1 August, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Incandescence was strongly visible from East Pond and January vents, moderately visible from the South Wall complex, and dimly visible from the Drainhole vent in Pu`u `O`o's crater during most of the reporting period. Tremor remained at a very typical moderate level at Pu`u `O`o.

On 29 July, an ash plume from Manam was visible on satellite imagery at an altitude of ~3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted WNW.

Based on interpretations of seismic and satellite data, KVERT reported that ash explosions from the summit crater of Karymsky continued during 26-28 July. On 24 July, volcanologists reported that an ash plume rose to an altitude of 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l.  A large thermal anomaly over the crater was visible on satellite imagery. KVERT warned that activity from the volcano could affect nearby low-flying aircraft. Karymsky remained at Concern Color Code Orange

According to the Anchorage VAAC, a pilot reported that on 27 July an ash plume from Augustine reached an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SSE. The AVO did not find seismic evidence for this event, and seismicity levels remained low. They also stated that rockfalls and avalanches of hot debris from the cooling lava dome can produce small, localized ash plumes.

On 26 July, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported that, according to the Ecuadorian Civil Defense, approximately 13,000 people had been severely affected by the eruption of Tungurahua. About 815 remained in shelters.

During 26 July-1 August, eruption columns with small-to-moderate ash content reached an altitude of ~9 km (~30,000 ft) a.s.l.  Ash fall was reported in Pillate, ~ 7 km to the W on 27-29 and 30 July, as far as Baños ~12 km N and Puela ~8 km S on 29 July and Cotaló ~13 km NW on 30 July.  On 27 July, incandescent material from explosions descended ~1 km down the flanks. A thermal anomaly was observed on satellite imagery during the reporting period.

Lava flows from Mayon in the SE sector of the Bonga gully advanced ~1.35 km during 26 July-1 August to reach a maximum distance of 5.8 km SSE from the summit on 1 August. Smaller lava flows and incandescent blocks descended adjacent gullies. On July 29, light ash accumulation was reported about 12 km S and SE, in Daraga municipality and Legazpi City and vicinity, respectively. Emissions of sulfur-dioxide reached ~12,500 tons per day on 31 July, a record high for the current period of unrest.

Fog limited clear views of summit activity at Karangetang during the reporting period. Lava flows were observed during 27-31 July moving E toward the Kahetang and Batu Awang rivers at a maximum distance of ~750 m from the vent. Rockfalls traveled up to 2 km towards the Keting River. On 31 July, gas plumes reached a maximum height of 200 m above the summit (or ~6,500 ft a.s.l.).
According to news reports, between 3,000 and 4,000 people from five villages were evacuated on 27 and 28 July due to advancing lava flows and reports of lahars. The news also noted that on 29 July, about 1,300 people remained in shelters.

On 29 July, PHIVOLCS reported that the Alert Level at Bulusan was lowered from 2 to 1 (out of 5 levels) due to a gradual decrease from 28 June of all monitored parameters to near-baseline levels. 

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