Huaynaputina volcano (its name meaning "new volcano") is a small volcano located in southern Peru 26 km south of Ubinas volcano. It was the site of the largest historical eruption in South America, which occurred in 1600 and erupted an estimated 30 cubic km of dacitic tephra, including ash fall and pyroclastic flow deposits. Its size can be compared to the 1883 Krakatau eruption. Prior to the 1600 eruption, it had not even been known as a volcano and was described as a "low ridge in the center of a Sierra".

Huaynaputina volcano does not form a prominent topographic elevation. It is located inside a 2.5 km wide older caldera that was deepened by glacial erosion. The volcano consists of 3 overlapping cinder cones containing up to 100 m deep craters. These cones formed during the 1600 AD eruption. The flanks of the older edifice are deeply covered by ash deposits from the same eruption.