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lundi, sept. 17, 2012
Two separate explosions occurred at Gamalama volcano on Ternate Island yesterday at 13.22 and 14.15 local time. The eruption followed an increase in seismic activity and triggered PVMBG to raise the alert level to 3 (out of 4) "Siaga". According to the newspaper Liputan6 people have not heard the explosion, but only saw an ash plume rise. ... [details]
jeudi, févr. 02, 2012
CVGHM abaissé le niveau d'alerte pour Gamalama de 3 à 2 (sur une échelle de 1 à 4) le 24 janvier, basée sur des observations visuelles de plumes blanches s'élève aussi haut que 100 m au-dessus du cratère et une diminution de la sismicité depuis la dernière éruption le 23 décembre 2011. ... [details]

Gamalama volcan

stratovolcan 1715 m / 5,627 ft
Halmahera, Indonésie, 0.8°N / 127.33°E
Condition actuelle: en éruption (4 sur 5)
Gamalama webcams / live data
Dernière mise à jour: 17 sept. 2012 (ash eruptions since 17 Sep)
Style éruptif tipique: Explosive.
Eruptions du volcan Gamalama: 1510, 1538, 1561, 1605, 1635, 1643, 1648, 1653, 1659, 1676, 1686, 1687, 1737, 1739, 1763, 1770, 1771-72, 1773-74, 1775, 1811, 1812, 1814, 1830(?), 1831, 1833, 1835, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841(?), 1842, 1843, 1844(?), 1845(?), 1846, 1847, 1847, 1849-50, 1858(?), 1860(?), 1862, 1863(?), 1864, 1864(?), 1868, 1868-69, 1871, 1884(?), 1895, 1896(?), 1897, 1898, 1900(?), 1907, 1911, 1918, 1923, 1932, 1933, 1938, 1962-63, 1980, 1983, 1988, 1990, 1991(?), 1993, 1994, 1996, 2003 (31 July - 2 Oct), 2007
Derniers séismes proches: No recent earthquakes
TimeMag. / DepthDistanceLocation
Gamalama (pic de Ternate) est un stratovolcan conique quasi parfaite qui forme l'île entière de Ternate, au large de la côte ouest de Halmahera. Il est un des volcans les plus actifs en Indonésie.

Introduction:

L'île de Ternate a été un important centre régional dans le commerce des épices néerlandaise et portugaise pendant plusieurs siècles, qui est la principale raison de l'activité historique du volcan Gamalana est si bien dosumented. Éruptions, enregistrées fréquemment depuis le XVIe siècle, provient généralement des cratères de sommet, bien que le flanc éruptions ont eu lieu en 1763, 1770, 1775 et 1962-63. Certaines éruptions comme en 1771, 1773, 1775, 1838, 1871 et que ces derniers temps comme dans 1962 a causé des accidents mortels.

Gamalana a 9 cratères : cratère de Arfat, Madiena, K1, K2, K3, K4, Laguna Lake, Tolire Jaha et Tolire Kecil. 3 cônes, progressivement plus jeunes vers le Nord, forment le sommet du volcan Gamalama. Plusieurs des maars et des évents de définissent une zone de rift, parallèlement à l'arc insulaire de Halmahera, qui coupe le volcan.
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Source : GVP, Smithsonian Institution

2007-2008 eruption
Seismic activity increased at Gamalama volcano beginning 20 August 2007 and a few days later, there was a small eruption. On 23 August, white and gray plumes rose to an altitude of 2.1 km. Authorities banned access within a 2-km radius of the active crater.
Activity continued into 2008 with weak occasional ash and steam emissions. On 11 May 2008, CVGHM reported that emissions from Gamalama had risen to higher altitudes during the previous two days. On 10 May, white-to-gray plumes rose to an altitude of 1.8 km and drifted N. On 11 May, white plumes increased throughout the day from 1.7 to 2.2 km altitude.
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Source: GVP monthly reports

2003 eruption: pyroclastic flows and ash fall on Ternate
On 31 July, a series of strong explosions occurred, producing ash plumes up to 2 km above the crater. A pyroclastic flow traveled down Togorar valley on the NE flank of Gamalama volcano.
On 1 August, ashfall was 1-3 cm thick in the E part of the island and some of the local population was evacuated. Ternate town ca. 7 km east of Gamalana was covered with thick ash. There were no reports of casualties or damage.
Ash explosions continued until October 2003.

1994 Aug 5 eruption: 3 km high ash plume
An unusually powerful and sudden eruption occurred on 5 August 1994 at 21h25 local time, producing an ash cloud reaching 3 km above the summit and strong ash fall in nearby areas. An aviation warning was issued for the area.
A felt earthquake a few minutes before the eruption had an intensity of MM II-III. Smaller eruptions happened in the following days and weeks, such as on 14 August when there was ashfall in Ternate. The frequency of eruptions in this period was 5-20 minor explosions/day.
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Source: GVP monthly reports

1993 eruptions - powerful ash emissions and minor pyroclastic flows
Strong eruptions occurred in May 1993. Explosive eruptions produced ash plumes up to 3 km high and pyroclastic flows. ...plus

1990 eruption
A powerful series of eruptions at Gamalana began on 25 April 1990, with ash clouds reaching 5 km above the volcano and producing strong pyroclastic flows traveling 4.5 km distance, leaving a 5 m thick deposit. ...plus

1988 eruption
Gamalama volcano eruption on 12 February 1988 caused ash fall over Ternate Island and the evacuation of 3000 people.

1983 eruption: 5000 people evacuated
A strong eruption was reported on 9 August at 04h45 local time. A thick black eruption column containing incandescent material rose 1.5 km and caused a pyroclastic flow traveling down the N flank, destroying homes and plantations.
Ash fell W of the volcano, closing the local airport of Ternate. Explosions on 10 August produced 1.5-km ash columns.
More than 5,000 persons living near the volcano were evacuated. No casualties were reported.
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Source: GVP monthly reports

1980 eruption: 40,000 people evacuated
Gamalama Volcano started erupting on 4 September 1980 ejecting incandescent tephra and glowing bombs to up to 1 km distance. A new crater was formed on the ENE side of the summit.
On 5 Sep eruptions caused forest fires and ash fall over large parts of the island. At Ternate City 7 km E of the crater ash fall reached 10 cm. About 40,000 people evacuated to Tidore Island. A new crater formed ENE of the summit. Eruptions continued until the end of September 1980. ...plus

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