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Fernandina Volcano

Updated: 29 mar. 2024 06:23 GMT -
Shield volcano 1476 m / 4,842 ft
Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, -0.37°S / -91.55°W
Current status: erupting (4 out of 5)
Last update: 27 mar 2024 (Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report)
The Fernandina caldera seen on July 4, 1968, about three weeks after a major explosive eruption that was followed by collapse of the caldera floor. Collapse occurred incrementally and asymmetrically, ranging up to about 350 m at the SE end of the caldera, which contains the caldera lake. Photo by Tom Simkin, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution).
The Fernandina caldera seen on July 4, 1968, about three weeks after a major explosive eruption that was followed by collapse of the caldera floor. Collapse occurred incrementally and asymmetrically, ranging up to about 350 m at the SE end of the caldera, which contains the caldera lake. Photo by Tom Simkin, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution).

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Typical eruption style: Effusive, basaltic fissure eruptions
Eruzioni del vulcano Fernandina: 2020, 2018, 2017, 2009

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Background

Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes and the one closest to the Galápagos mantle plume, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 5 x 6.5 km summit caldera. The volcano displays the classic "overturned soup bowl" profile of Galápagos shield volcanoes. Its caldera is elongated in a NW-SE direction and formed during several episodes of collapse. Circumferential fissures surround the caldera and were instrumental in growth of the volcano.
Reporting has been poor in this uninhabited western end of the archipelago, and even a 1981 eruption was not witnessed at the time. In 1968 the caldera floor dropped 350 m following a major explosive eruption. Subsequent eruptions, mostly from vents located on or near the caldera boundary faults, have produced lava flows inside the caldera as well as those in 1995 that reached the coast from a SW-flank vent. Collapse of a nearly 1 cu km section of the east caldera wall during an eruption in 1988 produced a debris-avalanche deposit that covered much of the caldera floor and absorbed the caldera lake.
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Source: Smithsonian / GVP volcano information

Latest satellite images

fernandina satellite image sat1fernandina satellite image sat2
Wed, 27 Mar 2024, 15:00

Fernandina volcano (Isla Fernandina, Galapagos) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 20 March-26 March 2024 (New Activity / Unrest)

Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that moderate eruptive activity continued at Fernandina during 20-26 March. Daily thermal anomalies were detected in satellite images. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions identified in TROPOMI satellite data totaled 158 tons on 20 March, 720 tons on 24 March, and 790 tons during 25-26 March. ... Read all
Mon, 25 Mar 2024, 03:50

Fernandina volcano (Galápagos Islands): lava flow continues to advance toward ocean

The strong thermal anomaly indicates the oozing lava flow out on the S-SW slope (image: Landsat 8-9)
The effusive eruption of the volcano continues. ... Read all

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