Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC issued aviation ash advisories for Ubinas on 24 and 25 September. The continuous ash emissions were rising as high as 9 km (30,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting SSE.
During 20-26 September seismicity remained low, as Tungurahua continued to generate ash eruptions. Ash rose 2 km above summit (23,000 ft a.s.l.) on the afternoon of 21 September. Moderate ash emissions occurred again on 22 September. Three more ash emissions on 23 September caused ashfall in Penipe; one plume rose 3 km above the summit (26,000 ft a.s.l.), and another 4 km (29,500 ft a.s.l.). Ash plumes were seen again on 25 September.
On 20 September the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite caught Suwanose-jima in the process of emitting volcanic ash and steam. The volcano's emissions blew N, gradually fanning out over the ocean, with a grayish tinge that distinguished it from nearby white clouds. Aviation ash advisories for this eruption issued by the Tokyo VAAC based on satellite imagery, pilot reports, and JMA, noted that the plume rose to 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and extended about 80 km N.
Lava continued to extrude onto the crater floor during 20-26 September with low seismicity, generating occasional rockfalls as talus sloughed off the flanks of the growing dome.
MVO reported that during 15-22 September the lava dome at Soufrière Hills continued to grow at a moderate rate, slower than earlier in the month. Growth appears to have occurred predominantly in the summit area and on the S and E sides of the dome. The vent situated in the Gages Wall is still active, with minor explosive activity seen during an observation flight on 19 September. An intense 30-minute episode of volcanic tremor on 19 September was accompanied by rockfall activity that caused minor pyroclastic flows down the N and NE flanks of the lava dome. On 22 September the volume of the dome was about 80 million cubic meters. Seismicity was dominated by rockfalls with a significant drop in earthquake activity relative to the previous reporting period. The alert level was reduced to 3 (on a scale of 0-5) on 21 September. Aviation ash advisories during this period noted continuous ash emissions.
Semeru volcano appears to be in a relatively active phase. based on satellite radar data, plumes from its ash eruptions have reached nearly 11 km a.s.l. during the past week.
Based on information from JMA, the Tokyo VAAC reported eruptions at Sakura-jima on 20 and 21 September. A plume from the second eruption rose to 2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l.
Volcanic activity at Mayon consisted of incandescent lava fragments rolling down the slopes and glow coming from the summit crater. Moderate white steam emissions continued from the summit. The number of daily volcanic earthquakes was low during 20-24 September, with 1-3 events per day.
Throughout 20-26 September Kilauea continued to erupt from the Pu`u `O`o vent on the East Rift Zone. Summit inflation centered in the south part of the caldera also continued. Lava was flowing through the PKK lava tube from its source on the SW flank of Pu`u `O`o to the ocean. About 1 km S of Pu`u `O`o, the Campout flow branches off from the PKK tube. The PKK and Campout systems feed two widely separated ocean entries named East Lae`apuki and East Ka`ili`ili, respectively. Activity during this period included numerous small breakouts from the Campout flow, new skylights along the PKK tube, and variable activity at the ocean entries. At Pu`u `O`o, intermittent lava incandescence reflected on gas plumes was visible from the usual four vents (East Pond, January, South Wall Complex, and Drainhole).
Indian Coast Guard officials noted in a news report on 23 September that the continuing eruption at Barren Island was decreasing in intensity. A surveillance report stated that there was less lava but more "smoke" coming from the volcano.
On 26 September at least two phreatic eruptions occurred at Poás. One during the night of 25 September reached a height of at least 350 m above the warm acid lake, depositing rock fragments, mud, and water in the southern part of the inner crater and outside the western part of the crater. ' Material ejected that night reached Trojas de Sarchí, almost 10 km SW. A smaller eruption on the morning of 26 September was limited to the area of the lake, and formed green-yellow semicircular zones of mud and sulfur up to 75 m in diameter.
Geologic Summary Dempo is a prominent 3173-m-high stratovolcano that rises above the Pasumah Plain of SE Sumatra. Remnants of 7 craters are found at or near the summit, with volcanism migrating to the WNW with time. The historically active summit crater of Gunung Dempo contains a 400-m-wide lake, located at the NW end of the crater complex. Historical eruptions have been restricted to small-to-moderate explosive activity that produced ashfall near the volcano.
Source: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)
On the morning of 23 Sept, an ash plume emitted by a strong explosion of Tungurahua volcano reached an altitude of 9 km a.s.l. (VAAC Washington). The geophysical institute of Ecuador reports increased levels of tremor and sulphur dioxide emission.
The summit eruption of Etna volcano starting in August 2006 is terminated. The weak strombolian explosions from the south-east crater stopped and emission of lava flows stopped.
Seismic activity and lava extrusion from Mayon decreased during 6-12 September. Ground-deformation measurements showed an overall deflation. On 11 September, the Alert Level was lowered from 4 to 3 and around 30,000 people who had been evacuated early in August were allowed to return to their homes.
Lava flows on the coastal flat and on the pali (11 Sept. 06, Photo: Phil)
A small new skylight near the ocean entry (Photo: Phil)
Phil went to the flows last night and reports the following: "...the lava is going off at the moment: Two entries still. E Ka`ili`ili has 6+ points of entry along the bench fed by at least 3 tube branches, with explosions and flying lava a common sight nowadays. Surface flows fairly extensive just a short distance inland and east, with lots of small breakouts over a tube branch that last week was feeding a flow onto the bench and into the ocean. There is a small, accessible skylight near the coast with clear views of fast-moving flowing lava and that amazing gurgling sound. Two rivers of lava originate from a single point near the visible top of the pail, one flowing downhill to the east along the forest's edge, causing lots of smoke and visible flare-ups when trees would dry up enough to ignite, and the other flowing down to the west for the entire length of the pali, I perhaps up to a 1000 ft drop in elevation. Cheers, Phil"
Strombolian activity at the SE crater and lava emission from vents inside the crater continue at Etna volcano. Parts of the cone are collapsing, permitting viscous lava to flow out from the center. The following in a detailed report published by the INGV Catania:
<<After the end of the short eruptive phase of July 14-24, 2006, and the renewal of explosive activity at the North-East Crater at the end of July, on early morning of 31 August strombolian activity resumed also at the summit of the South-East Crater (SEC). This activity was mild, with fallout of lapilli and bombs mainly within the crater.<br>The ejecta eventually filled the crater, and between 19:00 and 20:00 (local time) of 5 September an overflow occurred from the summit of the SEC. The overflow formed spectacular lava falls along the breached east side of the crater, and lava was accumulating within the depression that cuts the middle-eastern flank of the SEC. This large depression formed after the end of the 2004-05 eruption. The overflow from the summit continued to spread within the depression until 7 September when, at about 6:45 am (local time), it overflowed the eastern rim and started to spread on the outer east flank of the SEC, and from here towards the Valle del Bove rim. The flow was extremely viscous, slow, thin and cold, mainly propagating through collapses and breaching of the a'a' flow front. Explosive activity continued at the summit of the SEC with discontinuous intensity, height up to about 50 m, and with lava blocks falling up to the base of the cone. Late in the evening of 10 September a new rock fall occurred from the wall dividing the SEC summit crater from the middle-eastern depression. As a result, an ash plume rose from the summit of the crater, transported westward by the wind. No significant ash fallout has been observed on the ground, and the lava flow spreading on the east flank is still slowly moving towards the Valle del Bove rim. Both lava flow effusion and explosive -strombolian- activity are still going on today, 11 September.
Visual observations show that the dome has grown substantially during the past week, with the main focus of growth being on the western part of the edifice. The two vigorous vents that opened on 31 August are still active. The one above the Gage’s wall is emitting a plume of hot gases, the more northerly vent, near the summit of the dome, is producing mostly ash and steam.
Seismic tremor and emission of sulphur dioxide at Bromo is increasing and VSI set the alert level to 3 ("caution"). An eruption could be imminent. The last vulcanian eruption at Bromo occurred on 8 June 2004, killing two tourists who got surprised while on the stairs leading up to the crater rim.
Based on satellite imagery, the Darwin VAAC reported that ash-and-steam plumes from Ulawun drifted SW and S on 30 August and 2 September, respectively.
Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions of ash plumes from Ubinas during 30 August-1 September and on 4 September. The plumes reached altitudes of ~4.9-5.5 km (~16,000-18,000 ft)a.s.l. and drifted NE, E, and SE.
During 30 August-5 September, seismicity at Tungurahua remained low. Steam and gas plumes with low to no ash content rose to 300-600 m above the summit (17,500-18,400 ft a.s.l.) and drifted NNW and W. On 1 September, lava flows on the NW flank were confirmed to have ceased. On 2 September, incandescence at the summit was observed.
During 30 August-5 September, the lava dome at Mount St. Helens continued to grow. A moderate seismic event and associated rockfall occurred on 3 September. The hazard status remained at Volcano Advisory (Alert Level 2); aviation colorcode Orange.
Based on information from JMA, the Tokyo VAAC reported that eruptions at Sakura-jima on 3 and 4 September generated plumes that rose to ~2.7 km (~9,000ft) a.s.l. and drifted mainly NW and N, respectively.
According to the Washington VAAC, emissions of gas, steam, and possibly ash from Popocatépetl were visible from the camera operated by CENEPRED during 4-5 September. The resulting eruption cloud drifted W and did not rise high above the summit. Incandescence was periodically observed at the summit.
A small "seismic crisis" at Piton de la Fournaise began at 10:00 on 30 August. A summit eruption started from the SSE edge of Dolomieu Crater at 11:35 and scientists witnessed the opening of a fissure on the crater floor. A large portion of the crater floor was covered with lava by the afternoon. A second fissure opened just outside of the crater and produced a lava flow on the E flank. On 31 August, seismicity remained high and a new cone had formed in Dolomieu Crater.
Based on satellite imagery, the Darwin VAAC reported that ash-and-steam plumes from Manam reached altitudes of 4.6 km (15,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W on 1 and 2 September. Steam plumes with possible ash were visible on satellite imagery below 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE.
During 23-29 August, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. On 1 September, the area of the East Lae'apuki lava bench was an estimated 22 hectares (54 acres) and East Ka'ili'ili was an estimated 2.3 hectares (5.7acres). Incandescence was visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater during the reporting period. Summit inflation S of Halema'uma'u caldera continued. Tremor at Pu'u'O'o remained at a very typical moderate level.
Activity at Karymsky continued during 26 August-1 September, with 30-70 shallow earthquakes occurring daily. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash plumes reached altitudes of 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. A thermal anomaly in the crater was detected on 26 and 28 August. Karymsky remained at Concern Color Code ORANGE
PHIVOLCS reported that steam plumes from Bulusan reached up to 350 m above thesummit (6,300 ft a.s.l.) on 30 August and 1 September. The plumes drifted NW andSE, respectively.
Based on satellite imagery and reports from the MVO, the Washington VAAC reported that the Soufrière Hills lava dome collapsed at 17:40 on 29 August. Ash venting was seen on satellite imagery prior to the collapse at 06:15 and 12:45. The plumes reached altitudes of 2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l., drifted N, and then shifted to the W and SW. According to the Antigua Aircraft Tower, the dome collapse produced a plume that rose to an altitude of about 9 km (30,000 ft)a.s.l. The upper portion of the cloud drifted E and the lower portion possibly drifted N and W. Pyroclastic flows reached the sea down the Tar River Valley. On 30 August, small pyroclastic flows were visible on the NE and S flanks of the lava dome. On 31 August, two vigorous ash-and-steam vents opened on the W and N flanks accompanied by tremor. A pilot reported an ash plume at an altitude of 4.6 km (15,000 ft) a.s.l. drifting W. The Alert Level was raised to 4 (on ascale of 0-5). The Washington VAAC reported continuous gas and ash emissions during 1-4 September; plumes reached altitudes of 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W.
Thick blocky lava lava continues to flow from Mayon volcano. The main active flow on the SE slope reaches about 800 m elevation where the flow front begins to disintegrate into loose blocks that roll into the Buyoan ravine. Occasional explosions at Mayon continued during the past weeks. According to seismic data, four explosions were registered on 31 August. Ashfall was reported in surrounding cities including Tabaco (about 13 km NW) and Guinobatan (about 13 km SW). One small explosion was registered on 3 September.
Weak strombolian activity is ongoing at the SE crater. On the evening of 4 Sept. 2006 a fracture opened inside the crater and started to emit a lava flow into the collapse pit at the east flank of the cone.
Jorge Clavero, José A. Naranjo (Chilean Geological Survey) and Juan Cayupi (Chilean Emergency Office) sent the following report summarizing Lascar's activity over the past months:
<<Lascar in the Central Andes of Northern Chile started a new eruptive cycle on April 18th 2006, after almost one year of apparent repose (last eruption recorded in May 4th 2005). <br>After one week with several phreatic explosive cycles per day (some lasting up to two hours), reaching up to 3,500 m above the crater, the activity decreased. The ash collected in June around the crater area showed no signs of new magma, in agreement with seismic data (three seismometers were installed for one week, and one for nearly one month to record the seismic activity associated to the explosions). The volcano has continued its activity with several smaller explosions during May, July and August, although much more separated in time (up to several weeks). The last observed explosions occurred on June 12th at 16:00 hrs and August 14th at 18:00 hrs (local time, GMT-4)). The latter lasted for 5 minutes and the plume reached up to 450 m above the crater, and was rapidly dispersed towards the East-Southeast. This unusual long-lasting cycle of phreatic vulcanian explosions of Láscar volcano seems to continue, and efforts from the Chilean Geological Survey (Sernageomin) and the Chilean Emergency Office (Onemi) are under way to install permanent seismometers in the area. Although no signs of new magma have been recognised so far, ascent of new magma in the future cannot be ruled out.>>
On 1st Sept. 2006, the volcanological survey of Indonesia (VSI) issued a warning about famous Bromo volcano due to increased seismicity and raised the alert level from 1 (normal activity) to 2 (unrest).
Piton de la Fournaise's eruption continues inside Dolomieu crater where a new cone of 15-20 m height is being formed. Lava flows spread on the bottom of Dolomieu crater.
The following is the original MVO weekly report: <<On 29 August, there was an episode of pyroclastic activity during which flows may have reached the sea down Tar River valley and a steam and ash cloud was reported moving east at 30,000ft. In addition, heavy rain caused mudflows in all drainages around the volcano. <br>On 30 August small pyroclastic flows were highly visible on the northeast and south flanks of the lava dome. At about 3am on 31 August two noisy, vigorous ash and steam vents opened on the west and north flanks of the lava dome. The tremor associated with this activity is still ongoing so we assume the vents are still active though they are obscured by thick cloud. This ash venting episode is clearly audible from Salem and the surrounding areas. The seismic network recorded 588 rockfall signals, 41 long period rockfall signals, 61 long period earthquakes, 30 hybrid earthquakes and 12 volcano tectonic earthquakes during the reporting period. Relative to the last reporting period, seismicity is characterized by a large increase in rockfall events. Average sulphur dioxide flux for the reporting period was estimated at 351 tonnes/day, varying between 79 tonnes/day on 25 August and 1720 tonnes/day on 30 August. The alert level was raised to 4 on 31 August. Residents of Montserrat and visitors to the island are advised to tune into ZJB Radio for up-to-date information on the volcano. Access to all areas south of Richmond Hill, and south of Jack Boy Hill to Bramble airport and beyond is prohibited at all times. The daytime entry zone, comprising the top part of St. George’s Hill, is open from 6 am to 6 pm. The maritime exclusion zone around the southern part of the island extends 3 km off shore from Whites Yard to Roches Yard on the east side of the volcano, 2 km offshore from O’Garras to Gingoes on the south-west, and 200 m offshore from Plymouth.>>
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