Lokon volcano near Manado town in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, continues to erupt sporadically. Our Indonesian team member Andi Rosadi climbed the volcano on 24 Oct and saw 2 eruptions on 26 Oct. Lokon is located near the popular Tomohon resort town in the Minahasa Highlands. [read all]
While the submarine eruption south of El Hierro Island continues, a large number of mostly deep (around 20km) earthquakes of up to 3.3 magnitude have been occurring in the gulf off the NW coast of this island. ...more
Yesterday, IGN listed 63 earthquakes, 4 above or equal to 3, 27 in between 2 and 3 and 32 lower than 2. The strongest was a M3.3 quake at 14:16 UTC. Today, Saturday IGN has listed already 32 earthquake, the vast majority with epicenter in the El Golfo area. The tremor of 10:46 UTC this morning was the strongest at M 3.3. It is likely that this is related to magma movements at depth, but at present not a sign that another eruption or a major change in the eruption style could be in the making. However, the situation clearly needs to be followed carefully. [less]
A true color, high-resolution RapidEye satellite image taken on 26 Oct featuring the gigantic stain visible on the surface of Las Calmas Sea, and even the vent area visible as the brown spot near the southern tip of the island. Image courtesy and copyright RapidEye.net
Digial elevation models presented by IEO showing the vent area before (a) the eruption and at present (b), with the new crater and even what is likely submarine lava flows. Images: Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)
The Spanish research vessel Ramon Margalef has surveyed the vent area of the new ongoing submarine eruption south of El Hierro with the help of a diving robot, and presented a digital model for the news crater, which formed above an undersea valley at 250 m depth and forms a cone rising now more than 100 m containing a 120 m wide crater. Even submarine (pillow) lava flows are recognized on the elevation model presented. If the pictures presented by IEO really are showing the new volcano, it is the first time that the birth of a seamount has been documented this way. ...more
In the meanwhile, the eruption continues and produces a large stain of discolored muddy water drifting around the southern and western coast of El Hierro. [less]
Hudon volcano's new eruptive fissure (photo taken on October 26, courtesy and copyright Sernageomin.cl)
An eruption has started at Cerro Hudson volcano in Chile. The activity comes from a new eruptive fissure located south of the summit with 3 vents that emit clouds of steam and some ash, rising to 5.5 km elevation. ...more
The authorities are distributing face masks to the population to protect from breathing ash. So far, 128 persons are reported evacuated, while 4 persons refused to leave their homes. More evacuations in a radius of 45 km around the volcano are planned, and the highest alert has been declared for the communities of Aysén, Río Ibáñez and Chile Chico and the Región de Aysén region. Compared to previous days, seismicity has decreased, Enrique Valdivieso, the director of SERNAGEOMIN told the El Diario de Aysen newspaper. A major concern remains the threat of lahars (mud flows), likely to affect the Río Sorpresa valley. [less]
Signs of unrest beneath Katla, one of Iceland's most active volcanoes continue. A seismic swarm was recorded under the northern part of Katla volcano's caldera beneath the Mýrdalsjökull glacier in southern Iceland over the past 48 hours. 35 quakes of up to 3.2 magnitude, many at shallow depths, occrred mostly in the afternoon of 27 Oct. [read all]
Another volcano in Southern Chile, Mt Hudson in the Aysén region, could be close to a new eruption. Starting on Tuesday, over 100 earthquakes have been detected under the volcano by the National Institute of Geology (SERNAGEOMIN), who raised the alert level to Red ("eruption could be imminent"). ...more
The Chilean government has already evacuated over 100 residents living within 25 miles of the Hudson volcano. Eruptions of Hudson volcano are typically highly explosive and although the area is sparsely populated, pose a serious risk of pyroclastic flows, ash falls, and mud flows generated by melting of the ice and snow present on the slopes of the massive volcano. The last eruption in 1991 was Chile's second largest in the 20th century. [less]
Tobias Schorr (VolcanoDiscovery) wird auf der Reisemesse in Chemnitz Vorträge über die griechischen Vulkaninseln Santorini und Milos halten. Dabei erklärt er die besondere Geologie dieser beiden vollkommen unterschiedlichen Vulkangebiete. In zahlreichen Fotos stellt er die Landschaft, Land & Leute, Natur und Geologie dieser Regionen vor. ...more
Another paroxysmal eruption (the 17th in 2011) is in progress at Etna's New SE crater at the time of writing. The volcanic tremor recorded by INGV has risen sharply to 50 times above background levels, and strong strombolian activity and/or lava fountains, as well as a lava flow into the Valle del Bove are visible from various webcams. ...more
This eruption comes more than 15 days after the previous one on 8 Oct, which marks the longest so far interval between paroxysms, and might be a sign of exhaustion of the magma reservoir and the dynamics feeding this exceptional serious of eruptions. [less]
The ongoing submarine eruption south of El Hierro, the first eruption in the Canaries in 40 years, continues from probably 2 vents at depths below 250 m under the water surface. It seems that the eruption is the submarine equivalent of a typical fissure eruption as often observed on basaltic shield volcanoes. ...more
Above the vents, large plumes of discolored water are visible and can be detected even on satellite images from space. A strong odour of sulfur can be detected on land. The port town of La Restinga has been evacuated and ships and aircraft are now banned from the area. Unless the eruption proceeds to shallower levels from about less than 50-60 m water depth, either by the accumulation of volcanic material above the vents, or by a upward propagation of the eruption fissure towards the coast, it is unlikely that the activity will become dangerous for the coastal areas. Should the eruption proceed to shallower levels, however, the risk of explosive eruptions increases drastically as the water pressure to contain explosions becomes too low. [less]
Our reporter Doni / VolcanoDiscovery Indonesia spoke with the Krakatau volcano observatory of Anak Krakatau in Pasauran near Anyer, West-Java, and was told that after a brief violent eruption "the volcano has been back to normal again or quieted" now. We will follow the situation closely and report more news as soon as we have it. [read all]
The volcanological observatory of the Canaries ahs raised the volcanic alert level to the maximum "Red" for the southernmost city on the island, La Restinga, and the government of the Canaries has announced to evacuate the population of La Restinga as a measure of precaution. ...more
In the meanwhile, there is little doubt that a submarine eruption is in progress 5 km off shore south of El Hierro. Due to the depth of the eruption at 600 m below the surface, there is not visible activity for now, but the intensity and location of volcanic tremor and the sighting of lots of dead fish above the spot are speaking a clear language. [less]
Øystein Lund Andersen sent a report about his recent visit to the Krakatau obsvervation post on West-Java last weekend: ...more
"As you may know Krakatau have seen a huge increase of Volcanic quakes, shallow earthquakes. Before the earthquake swarm started (before Sep 30) the rate was around 80-200 per day. When I visited the observatory the rate was around 5000, even 6000 this sunday. The people at the observatory claim they have never seen a rate like this from Krakatau, and question themselves what will come? On sunday they went to Krakatau to position two more seismograph to get more clearer data to work on. Im really intrested in the subject, and I have posted a video of of the seismograph taken on saturday 8th october. See it here. [less]
Seismic recording showing the strong volcanic tremor under El Hierro volcano on 10 Oct (IGN)
It seems that a small submarine eruption has started 7 km south of the coast of El Hierro Island in the Canaries at a depth of 1200 m below sea level, in the Las Calmas sea. The eruption, inferred by strong tremor recorded by the Istituto Geográfico National (IGN), started at 10.43 local time (09:43 UTC). [read all]
The lava fountains from the lower part of the SE fissure at the beginning of the 16th paroxysm of Etna's New SE crater, ca. 15h30, 8 Oct 2011
Following 10 days of quiet, a new paroxysmal eruption (nr 16 in 2011) took place from the New SE crater of Etna volcano during the afternoon of 8 October 2011. ...more
Tom Pfeiffer and his group of VolcanoDiscovery's Stromboli to Etna tour were lucky to be able to witness the eruption from close range. The activity started a slow gradual increase of volcanic tremor visible since around 9am, and with increasing and noisy strombolian explosions from one and later several vents inside the crater fissure of the New SE cone at around 1h00 pm; a lava flow emerged from the narrow SE directed channel aroud 3 pm, accompanied by a row of low liquid lava fountains just outside the gap of the crater, aligned on the SE trending fissure dividing it. Heavy fog, hail, very cold temperatures and strong winds prohibited detailed observations of the main phase of the eruption between ca. 3 and 4 pm, when taller lava fountains could be heard. A dense column of ash was sometimes seen rising above the clouds and drifting east. The eruption was over by around 5pm, by which time, the summit area again cleared. By then, the lava flow had descended the steep wall of the Valle del Bove and reached its base. [less]
A new eruption occurred at Anak Krakatau yesterday (3 Oct). A large (2-3 km high) ash cloud was seen rising from the volcano observatory on Java's west coast and is seen in a news TV video. ...more
The eruption followed an unusual seismic crises that had started 30 Sep and produced more than 5700 quakes recorded in a few days. If you're interested in an expedition to Krakatau to have a look at this new eruptive phase, please contact us, or simply leave a facebook comment below. [less]
Increased seismic activity recorded at Anak Krakatau has been detected in recent days, suggesting a new eruptive phase might be under way. The Indonesian Volcanological Survey has raised the alert level to 3 (out of 4). [read all]
lava flows from the 15th paroxysm of the New SE crater of Etna volcano (webcam image from http://www.radiostudio7.it/webcam.asp)
The 15th paroxysm of Etna's New SE crater occurred in the evening of 28 Sep, a few days earlier than what statistically had been expected (based on thze steady increasing intervals between the past similar events). ...more
Bad visibility due to clouds and rain prevented detailed observations, but the activity started slowly during the afternoon, with exponentially rising levels of volcanic tremor, ash emissions and increasing strombolian activity originating from probably several vents inside the new crater. The eruption culminated in a brief (1 hour approx) phase of lava fountaining around 9-10 pm, and produced large lava flows towards the E and ESE into the Valle del Bove. The eruption was over at around 11pm, after a peak between around 9-10pm. This marks #15 in the series of powerful eruptions of the New SE crater in 2011, and followed the previous one on 19 SSep after an interval of 9 days. [less]
Concern is growing that the El Hierro volcano (Canary Islands) could be heading towards an eruption, after seismic activity beneath the island increased strongly over the past days. More than 150 earthquakes were recorded on Tuesday alone. At least 20 earthquakes were larger than 3 mag Richter and could be felt by locals during the past 24 hours. ...more
Local authorities advised some local residents to evacuate from their homes, shut El Hierro’s main tunnel, and closed local schools. According to news, plans are being made to be ready to evacuate more of the island’s 10,000 residents and 2 units of the Spanish military’s emergency intervention unit (EMU) has arrived from nearby island Tenerife to assist in the possible evacuation of hundreds of El Hierro residents. [less]
Iceland's tallest volcano, the large sub-glacial Öraefajökull volcano under Vatnajökull glacier on the SE tip of Iceland has been showing an unusual number of earthquakes over the past weeks, rising some concern that the volcano might erupt again. ...more
Öraefajökull volcano only erupted twice in the past 100 years, in 1362 and 1727-28, but both eruptions were highly explosive and devastating. In particular the 1362 eruption devastated a whole region, which was later called "Öraefi", which means "wasteland". The current activity is not necessarily meaning that a new eruption will happen, but as geophysicist Ari Trausti Gudmundsson said in an interview, such activity under Öraefajökull is rare, and clearly needs to be monitored. [less]
Recently, a part of the lava dome inside the crater of Poas volcano has been showing areas of incandescence and flames of burning gas. ...more
The affected area is about 80 m long, located in the northern part of the 1953-55 lava dome next to the crater lake and focused around 2 fissures, which have been growing recently. The area is the same as the origin of the phreatic explosions during the past 2 years. A similar period of incandescence of the dome occurred in 1981. [less]
Since the last breach of Pu`u `Ō`ō vent to the west and accompanying crater floor collapse (subject of our last update), the magma supply to the area has continued with a few hiccups. Last night, lava flows continued to spill out from the vent to the west, until shortly after midnight when it appears a new breach on the east side of the vent developed. Now, a big lava flow is surging to the southeast, and we are establishing a new viewing trail from Kalapana to see this activity on Pu`u `Ō`ō's east flank! Contact us for more details! [read all]
Tremor measured by INGV Catania during the 14th paroxysm
The 14th paroxysm of Etna's New SE crater is in progress at the time of writing. Bad weather conditions hide the eruption, but the seismic signals of INGV Catania show that a major eruptive episode is occurring. Since 9am, volcanic tremor has been gradually increasing to (at the moment) 30+ times background levels, and is still rising. Most likely, lava fountains are being ejected from vents inside the crater and lava flows descending into Valle del Bove if the new episode is similar to the previous ones. ...more
Paroxysm nr 14 thus follows almost exactly 11 days after the previous, confirming the steady increase of invervals between eruptions from 6,7,8,9,10, and now 11 days. Will the next eruption then occur on 19 Sep + 12 days = 1 October? We will see (... by coincidence our next tour in Sicily starts on Etna on 1 October!). [less]
2-3 few days ago, the activity of Stromboli decreased significantly from its record intensity observed during the first half of September, and is now back at normal levels. ...more
The NE crater (towards Stromboli Village and well visible from along the Sciara del Fuoco) is still showing impressive explosions of liquid lava bubbles every 15-30 minutes, with explosions typically reaching 100-200 m height, showering the outer flanks of the cone with glowing bombs, many of which then roll down the Sciara into the sea. At least 2 other vents in the central and NW crater area also display strombolian eruptions of similar intensity at slightly longer intervals. Only weak spattering occurs from time to time from the NW cone. [less]
View of Semeru's crater with a lava dome on 1 Sep 2011
Our group traveling in East Java just returned from a visit to Semeru volcano and sends the following report: an active lava dome is growing inside the crater and there are 3-4 eruptions per day, and it seems that the size and frequency is increasing in the past days. [read all]
Activity of Karymsky volcano on September 14, 2011. Photo by D. Melnikov.
Activity of Karymsky volcano on September 14, 2011. Photo by D. Melnikov.
Karymski volcano has been producing powerful strombolian to vulcanian type explosions, producing ash plumes rising to 11,500 ft (3.5 km) ASL, and showering the volcano's upper flank with bombs. [read all]
The Nevado del Ruiz volcano (infamous for the tragic accident of the Armero mud flow disaster on 13 Nov 1985, killing more than 20,000 people) is becoming restless, as Erik Klemetti points out on his Eruptions Blog. Seismic activity beneath the volcano has increased dramatically during the past months, and it is likely that this is related to new magma rising within the volcano. [read all]
Eruption of an exploding lava bubble from the NE crater (9 Sep 2011)
Powerful explosion from the NE crater sending bombs many 100 m high and showering the flanks with glowing bombs (9 Sep 2011).
During most of August and up to today, Stromboli's activity has been at some of its highest levels observed in recent decades. Protagonist has been the NE crater, which has been continuing to produce powerful lava bubbles. Ejections of incandescent lava bombs often reached more than 500 m height, and hit both the Pizzo and Bastimento areas, the most popular viewing points (which for this reason remained closed for excursions most of the time). ...more
In the crater itself, up to 10 active vents were reported to be visibe by people who had a chance to visit Pizzo briefly during periods when excursions were possible. During our stay on 9 September, in addition to the spectacular activity of the NE crater, the steep cone active in the NW part of the crater terrace was observed to erupt constantly with pulsating strombolian bursts reaching 50-150 m. The central crater vent erupted at "normal" intensity roughly every hour. [less]
The 13th paroxysm from Etna's New SE crater occurred this morning between ca. 8 and 10am, following a steep increase in tremor and a short period of rapidply increasing strombolian activity from several vents inside the new crater. The eruption intensified into lava fountains generating a tall ash plume drifting SSE and showering a narrow sector south of Etna with ash. ...more
During the eruption, the eastern half of the south wall of the crater collapsed, leaving an impressive array of blocks and a steep spine standing in the collapse area. Lava flows generated in the eruption partly went through the breach and passed only a few 100 m north of Belvedere and descended into the Valle del Bove. [less]
Our colleague Chris Weber who is currently touring on Java reported observing small lava fountains from a vent inside the summit crater of Anak Krakatau volcano. The fountains reached a height of ca. 10 meters. [read all]
A mew seismic swarm is occurring at Katla volcano, with over 60 small earthquakes of magnitudes of up to 2.6 at 1-8 km depth beneath the caldera since Sunday. It could be a possibility that this swarm is caused by the injection of magma at depth, but could also be due to structural displacements. It is unclear whether the recent signs of unrest at Katla are the precursors of a new eruption in a near to medium future. [read all]
Increased seismic activity and weak steaming from the southern peak of Leweotobi volcano (Gunung Lewotobi Perempuan, "Woman of Lewotobi") with a height of 1703 m has triggered a raise of the alert level from 1 (normal) to 2 (alert). Residents and tourists in the area are advised not to approach the volcano. ...more
Lewotobi is one of the most active volcanoes of Flores Island and last erupted in 2003. [less]
The Indonesian Volcanological Survey (PVMBG) has raised the alert status for Anak Ranakah volcano in the district of Manggarai on the island of Flores in southeastern Indonesia to 2 out of 4 (meaning eruption warning) on 26 August. ...more
Seismic activity and volcanic have increased recently and the lava dome of Anak Ranakah is emitting a small plume of white steam. Very little is known about Ranakah volcano. There is only one previous eruption, which constructed Anak Ranakah lava dome in December 1987 - January 1988 during the first historic eruption of 2247 m high Ranakah volcano. The lava dome produced powerful explosions with ash plumes up to 8 km height and pyroclastic flows. [less]