Contact | RSS | EN | DE | EL | ES | FR | IT | RU

Light mag. 3.0 earthquake - 76 mi northeast of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA, on Wednesday, Mar 10, 2021 at 3:47 pm (GMT -7)

Light magnitude 3.0 earthquake at 5 km depth

10 Mar 23:15 UTC: First to report: USGS after 28 minutes.
10 Mar 23:35: Magnitude recalculated from 3.4 to 3.0. Hypocenter depth recalculated from 8.6 to 5.0 km (from 5.3 to 3.1 mi). Epicenter location corrected by 1.8 km (1.1 mi) towards NNW.

Update Wed, 10 Mar 2021, 23:21

Small 3.4 quake hits near Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA

3.4 quake 10 Mar 3:47 pm (GMT -7)

An earthquake of magnitude 3.4 occurred early afternoon on Wednesday 10 March 2021 at 3:47 pm local time near Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA, as reported by the United States Geological Survey.
According to preliminary data, the quake was located at a very shallow depth of 5.3 miles. Shallow earthquakes are felt more strongly than deeper ones as they are closer to the surface. Magnitude and other quake parameters can still change in the coming hours as the agency continues to process seismic data.
Our monitoring service identified a second report from the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) which listed the quake at magnitude 3.4 as well.
Towns or cities near the epicenter where the quake might have been felt as very weak shaking include Stanley (pop. 68) located 20 miles from the epicenter. In Challis (pop. 1000, 48 miles away), the quake was probably not felt.

Download the Volcanoes & Earthquakes app and get one of the fastest seismic alerts online: Android | iOS

Earthquake details

Date & time	Mar 10, 2021 22:47:37 UTC
Local time at epicenter	Wednesday, Mar 10, 2021 at 3:47 pm (GMT -7)
Status	Confirmed
Magnitude	3
Depth	5.0 km
Epicenter latitude / longitude	44.4478°N / 115.2014°W (Custer, Idaho, United States)
Antipode	44.448°S / 64.799°E
Shaking intensity	Weak shaking near epicenter
Felt	0 reports
Primary data source	USGS (United States Geological Survey)
Nearest volcano	Shoshone (157 km / 98 mi)
Nearby towns and cities	33 km (21 mi) NW of Stanley (pop: 68) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby 77 km (48 mi) W of Challis (pop: 1,040) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby 88 km (54 mi) SE of McCall (pop: 3,110) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby 123 km (76 mi) NE of Boise (pop: 146,000) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby 124 km (77 mi) NE of gardena siti (Ada County) (pop: 11,600) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby 124 km (77 mi) NE of Eagle (Ada County) (pop: 23,600) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby 133 km (83 mi) NE of Meridian (pop: 90,700) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby 144 km (90 mi) NE of Kuna (Ada County) (pop: 17,200) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby 147 km (92 mi) NE of Caldwell (pop: 51,700) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby 149 km (92 mi) NE of Nampa (pop: 89,800) \| Show on map \| Quakes nearby
Weather at epicenter at time of quake	Few Clouds 2°C (36 F), humidity: 23%, wind: 2 m/s (4 kts) from WSW
Estimated seismic energy released	2 x 10⁹ joules (554 kilowatt hours, equivalent to 0.477 tons of TNT) \| about seismic energy

Show interactive Map

[smaller] [bigger]

Data for the same earthquake reported by different agencies

Info: The more agencies report about the same quake and post similar data, the more confidence you can have in the data. It takes normally up to a few hours until earthquake parameters are calculated with near-optimum precision.

Mag.	Depth	Location	Source
3.0	5 km	33 Km NW of Stanley, Idaho, USA	USGS
3.0	5 km	SOUTHERN IDAHO, USA	EMSC

Most recent quakes Top 20 past 24 hrs Quakes in the US Idaho

Seismograms

Seismic station: Pearl Lake, Idaho, USA (PLID/IW network) | Distance from quake: 95 km / 59 mi | Show on map | Station Info

Seismic station Pearl Lake, Idaho, USA: vertical movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismogram (vertical component) around time of quake. Thin dotted red line indicates time of quake. Seismic waves arrive some time later, depending on distance. Bandpass filter applied: 0.5-10.0 Hz. Source: IRIS Buffer of Uniform Data (BUD) webtool

Show less

Seismic station Pearl Lake, Idaho, USA: horizontal (E-W) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismic station Pearl Lake, Idaho, USA: horizontal (N-S) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismograms around time of quake, showing horizontal E-W and N-S ground movements. Source: IRIS Buffer of Uniform Data (BUD) webtool

Seismic station: Hailey, Idaho, USA (HLID/US network) | Distance from quake: 117 km / 73 mi | Show on map | Station Info

Seismic station Hailey, Idaho, USA: vertical movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismic station Hailey, Idaho, USA: horizontal (E-W) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismic station Hailey, Idaho, USA: horizontal (N-S) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismograms around time of quake.
Top: vertical movement, bottom: horizontal (E-W and N-S) movements. Source: IRIS Buffer of Uniform Data (BUD) webtool

Seismic station: Blue Mountains Array (Baker), Oregon, USA (BMO/US network) | Distance from quake: 172 km / 107 mi | Show on map | Station Info

Seismic station Blue Mountains Array (Baker), Oregon, USA: vertical movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismic station Blue Mountains Array (Baker), Oregon, USA: horizontal (E-W) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismic station Blue Mountains Array (Baker), Oregon, USA: horizontal (N-S) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismograms around time of quake.
Top: vertical movement, bottom: horizontal (E-W and N-S) movements. Source: IRIS Buffer of Uniform Data (BUD) webtool

Seismic station: Missoula, Montana, USA (MSO/US network) | Distance from quake: 282 km / 175 mi | Show on map | Station Info

Seismic station Missoula, Montana, USA: vertical movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismic station Missoula, Montana, USA: horizontal (E-W) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismic station Missoula, Montana, USA: horizontal (N-S) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismograms around time of quake.
Top: vertical movement, bottom: horizontal (E-W and N-S) movements. Source: IRIS Buffer of Uniform Data (BUD) webtool

Seismic station: Hardware Ranch, Cache County, Utah, USA (HWUT/US network) | Distance from quake: 433 km / 269 mi | Show on map | Station Info

Seismic station Hardware Ranch, Cache County, Utah, USA: vertical movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismic station Hardware Ranch, Cache County, Utah, USA: horizontal (E-W) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismic station Hardware Ranch, Cache County, Utah, USA: horizontal (N-S) movement plot around time of quake (source: IRIS/BUD)

Seismograms around time of quake.
Top: vertical movement, bottom: horizontal (E-W and N-S) movements. Source: IRIS Buffer of Uniform Data (BUD) webtool

User reports for this quake

User reports estimate the perceived ground shaking intensity according to the MMI (Modified Mercalli Intensity) scale.

There are no user reports for this quake.

Earlier earthquakes in the same area since 1900

Date and time GMT	Mag Depth	Distance	Location	Details
Oct 28, 1983 14:06 39 years ago	6.9 10 km	116km / 72mi	Custer County, 100 mi NW of Idaho Falls, Bonneville County, Idaho, USA	More
Mar 31, 2020 23:52 3 years ago	6.5 10 km	8km / 5mi	21 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jul 12, 1944 19:30 79 years ago	6.1 10 km	12km / 7mi	15 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Feb 14, 1945 03:01 78 years ago	6.0 10 km	20km / 12mi	43 mi W of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Aug 22, 1984 09:46 38 years ago	5.6 10 km	95km / 59mi	Lemhi County, 11 mi E of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 29, 1983 23:39 39 years ago	5.5 10 km	88km / 55mi	16 mi S of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 29, 1983 23:29 39 years ago	5.4 9.3 km	90km / 56mi	20 mi S of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 28, 1983 19:51 39 years ago	5.4 7.4 km	111km / 69mi	Custer County, 43 mi NE of Hailey, Blaine County, Idaho, USA	More
May 13, 1916 02:26 107 years ago	5.3 0 km	107km / 66mi	Payette County, Idaho, 25 mi NE of Ontario Island, Malheur County, Oregon, USA	More
Jan 3, 2015 17:44 8 years ago	5.2 10 km	69km / 43mi	5.4 mi W of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 8, 1984 06:16 38 years ago	5.1 10 km	83km / 52mi	5.9 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 13, 2014 00:04 9 years ago	4.9 5 km	78km / 49mi	9.6 mi N of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jul 14, 1988 17:31 35 years ago	4.9 5 km	89km / 55mi	8.1 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 26, 1969 10:41 54 years ago	4.9 18 km	74km / 46mi	Custer County, 38 mi N of Hailey, Blaine County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 11, 1963 02:08 59 years ago	4.9 8 km	56km / 35mi	16 mi E of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jun 7, 1994 13:30 29 years ago	4.8 5 km	95km / 59mi	Lemhi County, 11 mi E of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jan 10, 1988 23:22 35 years ago	4.8 5 km	78km / 49mi	33 mi SW of Salmon, Lemhi County, Idaho, USA	More
Jan 27, 1963 15:24 60 years ago	4.8 11 km	61km / 38mi	26 mi SW of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Feb 6, 1985 19:34 38 years ago	4.7 10 km	82km / 51mi	4.2 mi NE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 17, 1963 01:22 59 years ago	4.7 30 km	40km / 25mi	17 mi NE of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 25, 1947 01:34 75 years ago	4.7 0 km	23km / 14mi	35 mi SE of Cascade, Valley County, Idaho, USA	More
Jun 25, 2020 05:20 3 years ago	4.6 7.5 km	6km / 4mi	17 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 1, 2020 00:27 3 years ago	4.6 10 km	14km / 9mi	14 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
May 4, 1992 09:14 31 years ago	4.6 10 km	97km / 60mi	Lemhi County, 13 mi E of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 26, 1986 22:48 36 years ago	4.6 5 km	57km / 36mi	Custer County, 78 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Mar 17, 1985 06:56 38 years ago	4.5 10 km	82km / 51mi	4.1 mi NE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Mar 2, 1984 00:29 39 years ago	4.5 10 km	81km / 51mi	10.9 mi S of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jan 24, 1984 21:07 39 years ago	4.5 10 km	75km / 47mi	37 mi N of Hailey, Blaine County, Idaho, USA	More
Dec 12, 1983 04:55 39 years ago	4.5 10 km	87km / 54mi	8.3 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 8, 2020 20:24 2 years ago	4.4 10 km	3km / 2mi	22 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
May 21, 2020 11:33 3 years ago	4.4 12 km	3km / 2mi	20 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
May 14, 2020 00:21 3 years ago	4.4 17 km	5km / 3mi	19 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 1, 2020 02:09 3 years ago	4.4 6.3 km	9km / 6mi	19 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 14, 2014 20:16 9 years ago	4.4 5 km	77km / 48mi	10.3 mi N of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
May 6, 1992 10:22 31 years ago	4.4 5 km	95km / 59mi	Lemhi County, 11 mi E of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Dec 28, 1991 07:00 31 years ago	4.4 5 km	87km / 54mi	6.9 mi NE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 8, 1984 13:56 38 years ago	4.4 10 km	84km / 52mi	7.4 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Dec 27, 1983 12:21 39 years ago	4.4 10 km	91km / 56mi	16 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 12, 1963 06:23 59 years ago	4.4 9 km	55km / 34mi	16 mi E of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 13, 2020 10:54 2 years ago	4.3 18 km	10km / 6mi	16 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 11, 2020 17:57 3 years ago	4.3 13 km	14km / 9mi	13 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jan 28, 1995 06:26 28 years ago	4.3 5 km	34km / 21mi	Custer County, 93 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Mar 22, 1992 13:31 31 years ago	4.3 5 km	86km / 53mi	7.3 mi NE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Feb 17, 1992 16:52 31 years ago	4.3 5 km	35km / 22mi	Custer County, 94 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 26, 1986 21:28 36 years ago	4.3 5 km	60km / 37mi	Custer County, 78 mi E of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 6, 1983 21:04 39 years ago	4.3 12 km	104km / 65mi	Custer County, 107 mi NW of Idaho Falls, Bonneville County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 3, 1983 01:50 39 years ago	4.3 10 km	86km / 54mi	15 mi S of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 30, 1983 01:24 39 years ago	4.3 13 km	106km / 66mi	Custer County, 43 mi NE of Hailey, Blaine County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 28, 1983 15:14 39 years ago	4.3 10 km	98km / 61mi	25 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jul 26, 1976 10:45 47 years ago	4.3 10 km	103km / 64mi	17 mi SW of Salmon, Lemhi County, Idaho, USA	More
Aug 8, 2020 02:11 3 years ago	4.2 10 km	32km / 20mi	8.1 mi W of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jun 14, 2020 12:11 3 years ago	4.2 5 km	21km / 13mi	7.7 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Aug 13, 1998 18:51 25 years ago	4.2 5 km	80km / 50mi	2.2 mi E of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 11, 1995 12:20 28 years ago	4.2 5 km	42km / 26mi	Valley County, 90 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Jan 10, 1988 02:51 35 years ago	4.2 5 km	76km / 47mi	34 mi SW of Salmon, Lemhi County, Idaho, USA	More
Mar 24, 1984 00:07 39 years ago	4.2 10 km	69km / 43mi	Lemhi County, 19 mi NW of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 2, 1983 23:43 39 years ago	4.2 4.9 km	91km / 57mi	18 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 30, 1983 01:59 39 years ago	4.2 10 km	84km / 52mi	20 mi S of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 29, 1978 13:46 44 years ago	4.2 5 km	93km / 58mi	24 mi SW of Salmon, Lemhi County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 27, 1977 09:25 45 years ago	4.2 5 km	86km / 54mi	Idaho, 36 mi SE of Oregon Island, Baker County, Oregon, USA	More
Dec 11, 2020 19:40 2 years ago	4.1 5 km	13km / 8mi	81 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 15, 2020 20:48 2 years ago	4.1 14 km	19km / 12mi	9 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jun 9, 2020 13:54 3 years ago	4.1 10 km	23km / 14mi	6.5 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 21, 2020 05:58 3 years ago	4.1 10 km	3km / 2mi	20 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 1, 2020 13:30 3 years ago	4.1 10 km	10km / 7mi	17 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 10, 2014 12:21 9 years ago	4.1 5 km	75km / 47mi	9.5 mi N of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 30, 2002 09:29 20 years ago	4.1 10 km	44km / 27mi	Valley County, 87 mi N of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Jun 7, 1994 18:36 29 years ago	4.1 5 km	98km / 61mi	Lemhi County, 13 mi E of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Feb 18, 1993 16:19 30 years ago	4.1 5 km	31km / 19mi	Custer County, 93 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Jan 9, 1988 05:25 35 years ago	4.1 5 km	81km / 50mi	3.1 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 7, 1986 14:07 37 years ago	4.1 5 km	82km / 51mi	12 mi S of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 29, 1985 21:30 37 years ago	4.1 5 km	90km / 56mi	11 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Aug 22, 1984 13:34 38 years ago	4.1 10 km	83km / 52mi	4.6 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Dec 15, 1983 06:13 39 years ago	4.1 10 km	85km / 53mi	10.7 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 28, 1983 18:31 39 years ago	4.1 10 km	90km / 56mi	19 mi S of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Aug 10, 1982 19:35 41 years ago	4.1 5 km	66km / 41mi	11 mi NW of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Mar 22, 1978 14:30 45 years ago	4.1 5 km	29km / 18mi	Valley County, 59 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 6, 2020 19:29 2 years ago	4.0 10 km	15km / 9mi	17 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jul 10, 2020 08:15 3 years ago	4.0 10 km	37km / 23mi	7.9 mi SW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
May 31, 2020 16:52 3 years ago	4.0 10 km	37km / 23mi	9.9 mi SW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 3, 2020 20:21 3 years ago	4.0 15 km	14km / 9mi	13 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jan 4, 2015 07:34 8 years ago	4.0 10 km	80km / 50mi	2.3 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Aug 3, 1996 06:15 27 years ago	4.0 5 km	84km / 52mi	4.4 mi E of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 23, 1993 12:14 30 years ago	4.0 5 km	33km / 20mi	Custer County, 92 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Feb 18, 1993 13:28 30 years ago	4.0 5 km	33km / 21mi	Custer County, 92 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Jun 23, 1992 09:02 31 years ago	4.0 10 km	72km / 45mi	13 mi S of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Feb 21, 1988 05:44 35 years ago	4.0 5 km	44km / 27mi	Valley County, 61 mi N of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Aug 17, 1987 03:44 36 years ago	4.0 5 km	58km / 36mi	Custer County, 79 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 11, 1986 03:55 36 years ago	4.0 5 km	58km / 36mi	Custer County, 42 mi NW of Hailey, Blaine County, Idaho, USA	More
Sep 5, 1986 19:20 36 years ago	4.0 5 km	61km / 38mi	Custer County, 40 mi NW of Hailey, Blaine County, Idaho, USA	More
Jan 1, 2021 05:26 2 years ago	3.9 10 km	45km / 28mi	9.5 mi S of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jun 17, 2020 07:59 3 years ago	3.9 13 km	6km / 4mi	20 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Apr 16, 2020 06:43 3 years ago	3.9 10 km	13km / 8mi	14 mi NW of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 21, 2004 15:50 18 years ago	3.9 5 km	89km / 55mi	9.8 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jan 22, 2002 08:31 21 years ago	3.9 5 km	83km / 52mi	5.9 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Nov 21, 1997 21:18 25 years ago	3.9 5 km	29km / 18mi	Custer County, 91 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Jun 18, 1997 08:05 26 years ago	3.9 5 km	85km / 53mi	5.8 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Jul 14, 1988 18:43 35 years ago	3.9 5 km	89km / 55mi	8.6 mi SE of Challis, Custer County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 14, 1986 13:10 36 years ago	3.9 5 km	58km / 36mi	Custer County, 80 mi NE of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More
Oct 14, 1986 12:17 36 years ago	3.9 5 km	63km / 39mi	Custer County, 81 mi E of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, USA	More

Show all

Map of earlier quakes

Try our free app!

Android | iOS version

Why is there advertising on this site?

Support us - Help us upgrade our services!

We truly love working to bring you the latest volcano and earthquake data from around the world. Maintaining our website and our free apps does require, however, considerable time and resources.
We need financing to increase hard- and software capacity as well as support our editor team. We're aiming to achieve uninterrupted service wherever an earthquake or volcano eruption unfolds, and your donations can make it happen! Every donation will be highly appreciated. If you find the information useful and would like to support our team in integrating further features, write great content, and in upgrading our soft- and hardware, please make a donation (PayPal or Online credit card payment).

Planned features:

Improved multilanguage support
Tsunami alerts
Faster responsiveness

Thanks to your past donations, these features have been added recently:

Design upgrade
Detailed quake stats
Additional seismic data sources

Download and Upgrade the Volcanoes & Earthquakes app to get one of the fastest seismic and volcano alerts online:
Android | IOS

Thank you!

Sources: VolcanoDiscovery / VolcanoAdventures and other sources as noted.
Use of material: Most text and images on our websites are owned by us. Re-use is generally not permitted without authorization. Contact us for licensing rights.

Volcanoes & Earthquakes