Kilauea volcano (Hawaii): summit and lava lake

Kilauea (Hawaii): lava lake & summit Nov 2016

Impressions from a beautiful morning spent observing the summit lava lake and walking around the caldera through Steam Vents and Sulfur Banks to Volcano House.

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HVO's Jagger Museum illuminated by the lava glow (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Early dawn with Gegenschein (the light pyramid above the horizon's dawn) (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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The lava lake in Halema'uma'u at dawn (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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The sky brightens up quickly (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Lava lake just before sunrise (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Shadows cast by the sun just under the horizon; Kilauea Iki crater in the background (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Shadows cast by the sun just under the horizon; Kilauea Iki crater in the background (Photo: Tom Pfe... [info]
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Mauna Loa, the world's biggest volcano at dawn (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Western part of the Kilauea caldera (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Grassland near the Steam vents (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Morning view towards Mauna Loa (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Gas plume rising from Halema'uma'u's lava lake (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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The site of the "Steam vents" on the inner caldera rim. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Fresh and scented grassland - gas plume from the lava lake in the background. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Area near Steam Vents (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Hot steam escapes from small vents (fissures and small depressions) in the ground. These are fed by heated rain water that infiltrates the upper rock layers. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Hot steam escapes from small vents (fissures and small depressions) in the ground. These are fed by ... [info]
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Pahoehoe lava flows cover the caldera floor. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Colorful algae and bacteria deposits at one of the steam vents. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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View down the caldera cliff (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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View of the Kilauea caldera from near the Volcano House (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Grass meadow and Mauna Loa in background (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Hot steam from one of the many steam vents in the ground. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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View into an approx. 1 m deep steam vent (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Lehua blossom on a young Ohia tree (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Near the outer caldera wall, we reach the site of Sulfur Banks. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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$In this area, deep fractures bring volcanic gasses from the magma chamber to the surface. Containing sulfur, they leave colorful sulfur and other mineral deposits. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)$

In this area, deep fractures bring volcanic gasses from the magma chamber to the surface. Containing... [info]
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Fragile monoclinic sulfur needles form around the many small vents in the ground. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Fragile monoclinic sulfur needles form around the many small vents in the ground. (Photo: Tom Pfeiff... [info]
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Sulfur needles (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Fragile egg-shaped sulfur sculpture a few cm tall. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Sulfur needles... (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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... admired by our mascot "Schnappi" (aka Volcano Croc :-) (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Steaming rocks (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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After a short morning walk, we reach the Volcano House for a delicious breakfast (probably the best on the island!) (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

After a short morning walk, we reach the Volcano House for a delicious breakfast (probably the best ... [info]
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Kilauea (Hawaii): lava lake & summit Nov 2016

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