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2010 eruption

An submarine eruption was observed 5 km north-northwest of Iwo Jima Island on 3 February 2010 by the Japanese coast guard. Jets of ash and steam were ejected 100 m above the ocean surface. Since December 2009, the sea water in the area had turned yellow-green.

2005 eruption

A submarine eruption occurred at Fukutoku-Okanoba volcano on 2 July 2005. The water of the sea had turned orange-brown in an area of more than 1 km length.

1992 eruption

A dark plume was observed above Fukutoku-Okanoba by fishing boats on 10 November 1992. An areial survey revealed discolored pale-green water in a narrow fan shape to 10 km NNW from the volcano. Brown pumice was seen floating on the surface.
(Source: Smithsonian / GVP monthly reports)

1986 eruption

An submarine eruption built a new island on 18 January 1986, but the new island had been eroded again by waves and disappeared under the surface by 8 March 1987.

1953 eruption

A submarine eruption was detected on 1 December 1953. Strong smell of sulfur and water discoloration were observed near the volcano.

1950 possible eruption

A possible small submarine eruption took place at Fukutoku volcano on 1 February 1950. Sulfur smell and water discoloration were reported in the area.

1914 eruption

A submarine eruption occurred on January 13, only one day after the great eruption
of Sakura-jima. New submarine explosions created steam and ash clouds of up to 3 km height. Up to 26 explosions per hour occurred on 23 January. On the following days, the eruption was continuous, and a new island, Niijima, emerged on 25 January, which reached a maximum circumference of 8 km and a height of ca. 300 m. It consisted mainly of pumice and obsidian fragments and had a summit crater of 250 m diameter. By February 12, the intensity of the eruptions had decreased, and the island was 0.7-1 km in diameter, 3.5 km in circumference, and a height of 117 m. The island disappeared by April 1916.
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Sources:
- "CATALOG OF SUBMARINE VOLCANOES AND HYDROLOGICAL PHENOMENA
ASSOCIATED WITH VOLCANIC EVENTS, JANUARY 1,1900 TO DECEMBER 31,1959", WORLD DATA CENTER A (for Solid Earth Geophysics), Report SE-42
- Kuno, H. (1962) "Part XI, Japan, Taiwan and Marianas: Catalogue of the active volcanoes of the world including solfatara fields, International Association of Volcanology", Rome, Italy, 332 p
- Neumann van Padany, M. (1938) "Über die Unterseevulkane der Erde.", De
Mijningenieur, V, Jakarta, Indonesia, Nr 5 - 6

1904-1905 submarine eruption and new island

An eruption started in mid June 1904 when explosions were heard and steam and ash clouds observed. A cluster of several new islands formed and merged into the Shin-Iwo-jima ("New Sulfur Island") Island, reaching a diameter of about 4.5 km and a height of about 150 m. The eruption ended or paused in late January 1905.
On 15-16 May 1905 cannon-shot like noises were heard. The size of the island had been reduced significantly by 16 June, measuring only 3 m in height and 450 m in length. By 1 June 1906, the island had disappeared under the water again.
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Source: Kuno H (1962) "Japan, Taiwan and Marianas. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields", Rome, IAVCEI, 11: 1-332