Bromo volcano (Tengger caldera, East Java, Indonesia): eruption Nov 2010-Feb 2011 / VolcanoDiscovery

In mid November 2010, Mount Bromo volcano began to erupt again. It was the first eruption since June 2004, and unlike most eruptions in recent decades, the eruption turned out to be long lasting. It started with ash emissions, and in increased in intensity in Dec. 2010 and Jan 2011, when huge amounts of ash prompted flight cancellations between and to Bali and Java. At the time of writing (end of Feb. 2011), the eruption is still going strong and it counts now as Bromo's biggest eruption recorded in history since official records began in 1804.
The eruption's has caused widespread damage due to near continuous ash fall, damaging buildings, roads, and destroying farmland. The most heavily affected areas NW of Bromo have been declared disaster areas by the Indonesian government.

Most of the material ejected during its ongoing eruption is ash and blocks from the crater and conduit walls. Incandescent material (i.e. fresh magma) was first observed at Bromo in Dec 2010. Mild strombolian activity was visible at night during our tour from 15-19 Feb, usually accomanied by hissing and soft explosion sounds. At least two different vents were active inside Bromo's crater. Most of the strombolian activity took place from the vent in the W half (right in the pictures) of the crater, while a vent in the eastern half (left) was the principal site of ash emissions and occasional powerful explosions accompanied by loud detonations and shock waves rattling windows in up to several kilometer distance. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Bromo volcano (East Java, Indonesia), Feb 2011: strombolian activity (16 imagine)

Bromo's eruption is characterized by strong, near continuous ash emission. The photos here were taken between 15 and 19 February. At times, the emissions were accompanied by constant noises resembling ocean surf, interrupted by powerful shock-wave producing blasts reminding of cannon fire. In between, phases of silent emission of huge, billowing ash clouds occured as well. Ash emission was decreasing from 17 Feb on, and became only intermittent. At the same time, strombolian activity in the crater with at night visible incandescence seemed to increase. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Bromo volcano (East Java, Indonesia), Feb 2011: ash eruptions (24 imagine)

Ngadirejo village in the district of Probolinggo, East Java, lies close to the Tengger caldera. It is one of the areas that suffered most from ash fall during Bromo's recent eruption. Up to 30 cm of dense, black ash have accumulated in the area, on fields, roads and houses, burying literally everything.
The thick blanket of ash has killed almost all vegetation, destroyed crops, and damaged houses, power lines and water supply. The area has been declared disaster zone by Indonesian authorities. Despite this, only few people have actually left their houses. People in the village are optimistic and determined to resist the ongoing crisis and carry on with their lives as well as possible. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Bromo volcano (East Java, Indonesia), Feb 2011: effects of ash fall (31 imagine)

Bromo vulcano (East Java, Indonesia), eruzione Feb 2011: altre foto (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Bromo vulcano (East Java, Indonesia), eruzione Feb 2011: altre foto (64 imagine)

Video

Iris who took part of the last Bromo eruption special tour, recorded the pressure shock waves emitted during the explosions of Bromo volcano on videao (1.3 MB, .mov format).

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