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Krakatau, a small island group in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Sumatra and Java is one of the world's most famous volcanoes. It is a mostly submerged caldera with 3 outer islands belonging to the rim and a new cone, Anak Krakatau, that has been forming a new island since 1927 and remains highly active.
Krakatau exploded spectacularly in a devastating Plinian eruption 1883 that killed more than 30,000 people (mostly by the huge tsunamis triggered by the eruption). The eruption was one of the first global news events after telegraph lines had connected the different continents.
Caldera 813 m (2,667 ft.) / Anak Krakatau: 189 m
Sunda Strait, Indonesia, -6.1°S / 105.42°E
Current status: minor activity or eruption warning (3 out of 5)
Krakatau webcams / live data | ReportsKrakatau volcano videosKrakatau volcano books | Tours
Krakatau volcano eruptions:
1530, 1680-81, 1684, 1883 (Plinian eruption), 1927-30, 1931-32, 1932-34, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938-40, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1946-47, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1958-59, 1959-63, 1965(?), 1969(?), 1972-73, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1988, 1992-93, 1994-95, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007-8, April 2009-early 2010, Oct 2010 - March 2011, July-Oct 2011, Jan-May + Sep 2012, 2015(?), 2017, 2018 ( 22 Dec eruption & tsunami)
Typical eruption style:Explosive. Construction of a cinder cone island (Anak Krakatau) inside the caldera formed by the 1883 eruption. Frequent strombolian activity.
Last earthquakes nearby
Krakatau volcano toursFrom Krakatau to Bali (16-days study and photo tour to Java, Indonesia) A Dream Come True - World Volcano Tour (4 weeks round-the-world trip to Hawai'i - Vanuatu - New Zealand - Indonesia) Krakatau Volcano Special (expedition to study & observe Anak Krakatau volcano and its activity)
Latest satellite images 
Krakatoa (Krakatau) volcano news & eruption updates:
Large part of Anak Krakatau has collapsed into the sea - reconstruction of the eruption
Sunday Dec 23, 2018 17:18 PM | BY: T
Steam and ash explosions at Krakatau seen this morning (Image: Dicky Adam Sidiq/kumparan)  Satellite image taken yesterday after the collapse, possibly showing one of the tsunami waves (image: Sentinel 1, annotations by R. Natsuaki @flyingwktk / twitter)  Comparison of Anak Krakatau before and after the flank collapse (image: Sentinel 1)
First visual information about the situation on Anak Krakatau island group itself has come in, revealing that a large part of Anak Krakatau's SW flank has collapsed, which most likely is the trigger for last night's tsunami.
An overflight of was undertaken today by the Kumparan agency and revealed continuous, violent phreatomagmatic explosions, i.e. driven by lava and water interaction.
The combined information allows a rough reconstruction of the events:
#1 A new surge of magma arrives in the upper conduit of Anak Krakatau from around 20-21 Dec, causing increasing explosive and effusive activity - strombolian explosions or lava fountains, and lava flow emission - from the summit vent. It looked more or less like this:
(video from a similar paroxysm in Sep 2018)
This activity probably reached its peak on the evening of 22 Dec, when it was clearly visible by naked eye from more than 40 km away on the coast.
#2 In the evening of 22 Dec, lava fountains fed flows that reached the sea, probably on the south or southeast shores of Anak Krakatau, in similar locations as during previous episodes this year.
#3 Around 21:00 local time, the weight of rapidly accumulated lava on the subaerial and submerged cone of Anak Krakatau triggered an instability and a larger landslide removed a part of the southwestern cone - a flank collapse occurred. This rapid displacement caused the (small, but devastating) tsunami which reached the Java coast around 21:30 (local time).
#4 As a consequence, sea water gained access to large masses of hot rocks and possibly the conduit itself, triggering an ongoing series of steam explosions that produced the steam and ash plume first observed later this morning on satellite data and seen in this video:
Erosion of material from the ongoing explosive activity and along the new shoreline continues to eat away parts of the island.
What will come next?
This is difficult to say, but at least to a large extent it will depend on how much magma continues to rise, whether new collapses occur and so on. A possibility of even larger explosions, pyroclastic flows, tsunamis is clearly increased.
The alert level of the volcano was raised to red.
Previous news
Sunday, Dec 23, 2018
News continues to develop in the aftermath of the tragic disaster. ...
[more]
Sunday, Dec 23, 2018
Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ...
[more]
Sunday, Dec 23, 2018
A major explosive eruption might have occurred at the volcano earlier this morning. VAAC Darwin spotted a large cloud, possibly an ash plume from the eruption reaching approx. 55,000 ft (15 km) altitude and drifting S and SW. ...
[more]
Sunday, Dec 23, 2018
Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ...
[more]
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