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Papandayan volcano

Papandayan is a complex stratovolcano with four large summit craters, the youngest of which was breached to the NE by collapse during a brief eruption in 1772 and contains active fumarole fields.

Background:

The broad 1.1-km-wide, flat-floored Alun-Alun crater truncates the summit of Papandayan, and Gunung Puntang to the north gives the volcano a twin-peaked appearance. Several episodes of collapse have given the volcano an irregular profile and produced debris avalanches that have impacted lowland areas beyond the volcano. A sulfur-encrusted fumarole field occupies historically active Kawah Mas ("Golden Crater").
After its first historical eruption in 1772, in which collapse of the NE flank produced a catastrophic debris avalanche that destroyed 40 villages and killed nearly 3000 persons, only small phreatic eruptions had occurred prior to an explosive eruption that began in November 2002.
(Source: GVP)

Papandayan Photos:

Dry mud pool (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)	A drying-out pond containing ill-looking red water inside the crater of Papandayan volcano. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)	Green acid lake in Papandayan's crater (West Java) (Photo: Dietmar)
Red waters of a small creek from Papandayan's crater (Photo: Dietmar)	Papandayan's crater lake (West Java) (c)	Landscape of the Papandayan volcano in March 2012 (Photo: ClausPossberg)

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