Lava Lake in Pu'u O'o Crater: July 2007

Lava lake in Pu'u 'O'o crater (July 2007)

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The lava lake in the eastern part of Pu'u 'O'o crater, Hawaii. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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The part of the lava lake near its vent. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Sequence of photos showing the occasional overturning of the thin crust. The photos are spaced only few seconds apart from each other and show how the crust breaks into roughly concentric segments that overturn domino-style progressively from the inside out. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Sequence of photos showing the occasional overturning of the thin crust. The photos are spaced only ... [info]
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Smooth surface patterns of different segments of the thin crust covering the molten lava lake. hawaii_e6841.jpg (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Smooth surface patterns of different segments of the thin crust covering the molten lava lake. hawai... [info]
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Silvery, ropy stripes record the initial streching the thin crust of the lava lake has undergone immediately before cooling sufficiently to become locally rigid. hawaii_e6842.jpg (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Silvery, ropy stripes record the initial streching the thin crust of the lava lake has undergone imm... [info]
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Stripes on the surface of the lava lake crust. hawaii_e6843.jpg (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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The surface of the lake is composed of a number of larger and smaller segments, which become heavier with time as they cool. When a segment sinks back into the interior, hot lava wells up from underneath and replaces it to form new crust: a vivid reminder of the presence of the liquid interior! - hawaii_e6847.jpg (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

The surface of the lake is composed of a number of larger and smaller segments, which become heavier... [info]
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Part of the surface of the lava lake is being overturned and the older crust is replaced by fresh lava. The regeneration of the whole crust takes place of cycles of approximately 30 minutes. hawaii_e6854.jpg (c)

Part of the surface of the lava lake is being overturned and the older crust is replaced by fresh la... [info]
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View of the partly drained lava lake in Pu'u 'O'o crater. Originally, the lake had occupied the entire bottom of the collapsed crater and had been fed from two vents, one in the center of the crater (near the background of the photo) and one in the north-eastern part of it (center-right of the photo). Now, only the eastern vent is still active and the lava lake has drained and receded within a 2-m high terrace, assuming a 8-shaped surface. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

View of the partly drained lava lake in Pu'u 'O'o crater. Originally, the lake had occupied the enti... [info]
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Volcanic gas, in this case lots of sulphur dioxide, escape the crater of Pu'u 'O'o. hawaii_e6852.jpg (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Volcanic gas, in this case lots of sulphur dioxide, escape the crater of Pu'u 'O'o. hawaii_e6852.jpg... [info]
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Elegant shapes on the lava lake crust. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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The smooth crust of the lake is broken into plates, which are moving against or away from each other, simulating plate tectonics. Above, a miniature mid-ocean spreading zone can be seen where two larger pieces of crust are moving away from each other. Even miniature transform faults and sheer zones due to differential and rotational movements can be seen. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

The smooth crust of the lake is broken into plates, which are moving against or away from each other... [info]
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Fracturing crust in the triangle between three larger pieces of crust. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Divergent plates of the lava lake crust. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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$Fresh crust on the lava lake, only a few centimeters thick and crossed by zigzag fractures. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)$

Fresh crust on the lava lake, only a few centimeters thick and crossed by zigzag fractures. (Photo: ... [info]
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$Fresh crust on the lava lake crossed by zigzag fractures. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)$

Fresh crust on the lava lake crossed by zigzag fractures. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Lava lake in Pu'u 'O'o crater (July 2007)

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