Krakatau Volcano (Indonesia) July 2012: Fumarole Fields

Krakatau volcano (Indonesia) July 2012: fumarole fields

Extensive fumarole fields and large expanses of altered ground are found on the southern and western base of the main cone, especially in the valley between the low, pre-1990 crater rim and the cone. Here are some impressions taken in July during our expedition to Krakatau.

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A large bomb in the saddle between the old crater rim and the main cone of Anak has been covered by white and yellow sulfate deposits. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

A large bomb in the saddle between the old crater rim and the main cone of Anak has been covered by ... [info]
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Strong steaming from a fumarole field on the lower southern flank of Anak Krakatau. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Strong steaming from a fumarole field on the lower southern flank of Anak Krakatau. (Photo: Tom Pfei... [info]
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Block encrusted with yellow and orange oxides and sulfur. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Small fumarole vent. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Dozends of fumaroles form a bizarre field to cross which one needs a gas mask. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Oxides and fumarole minerals of various colors cover the ground. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Beautiful monoclinic sulfur needles form around some of the hotter fumarolic vents. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Beautiful monoclinic sulfur needles form around some of the hotter fumarolic vents. (Photo: Tom Pfei... [info]
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Sublimating sulfur covers blocks and gives them a greenish-yellowish stain. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Oxidized and sulfur-covered blocks. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Crystal-covered fumarole vent. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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View across the fumarole field towards the west with Rakata island in the left background. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

View across the fumarole field towards the west with Rakata island in the left background. (Photo: T... [info]
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Our group walking on white altered ground at the foot of the cone of Anak Krakatau (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Our group walking on white altered ground at the foot of the cone of Anak Krakatau (Photo: Tom Pfeif... [info]
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Yellow-greenish ground in the very active fumarole field. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Yellow block coated by oxides and sulfur. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Blocks, sulfur and lots of gas. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer) [info]
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Looking towards the cone of Anak Krakatau, altered ground and fumaroles in the foreground. (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Looking towards the cone of Anak Krakatau, altered ground and fumaroles in the foreground. (Photo: T... [info]
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