Full glossary

Black volcanic glass

Read all

Oia is false used by many latin/english wirting people who do not know that in latin Ia ist the right pronounciation for the Greek village OIA on Santorini. It is never O-I-A!

Oiau is one of 3 volcanic centers of the Dawson Strait volcanic group. It is located on the SE end of Fergusson island, on the peninsula between Kedidia Bay and Numanuma Bay. The volcano consists of a composite cone with a summit crater and has produced an obsidian lava flow of possible Holocene age.

Read all

Nevados Ojos del Salado is the world's highest active volcano. It is located on the Chile/Argentina border, about 20 km south of the road that crosses Argentina-CHile border at Paso de San Francisco.
The mountain has very dry conditions with snow only remaining on the peak during winter. The volcano contains two summit peaks of the same height.
A large explosive eruption took pleace about 1000-1500 years ago and produced pyroclastic flows.
Ojos del Salado is still active and has fumarolic activity at present, but there are no confirmed historical eruptions of Ojos del Salado. A report of minor gas-and-ash emission in 1993 could not be confirmed. The volcano currently shows fumarolic activity.

Read all

Oka Plateau volcano (also known as the East Sayan volcanic field, East Sayan Volcanic Field, Oka Plateau, Zhom-Bolok, or Jom-Bolok volcano) is a a group of small basaltic cinder cones and associated lava flows in SE Russia near the border with Mongolia, about 200 km west of Lake Baikal.
Eruptions occurred from several vents of the volcano, including the Kropotkin, Peretolchin, and Strariy cinder cones.

Read all

Oki-Dogo volcano is a complex of shield volcanoes forming small islands north of the SW Honshu city of Matsue in the Japan Sea off the west coast of Japan. Most of the volcanic activity took place 800,000-300,000 years ago, but there has probably been activity during the past 10,000 years as well, producing basaltic lava flows and a cinder cone.
Dogo-onsen Hot Spring is Japan's oldest spa. It is said to have been in operation since about 3000 years ago.

Read all

Olca-Paruma volcano is a group of 3 stratovolcanoes forming a 15-km-long E-W ridge along the northern Chile border with Bolivia. There are 3 stratovolcanoes in the complex: Volcán Olca, Cerro Michincha, and Volcán Paruma.
The only known historical activity from the Olca-Paruma complex was a flank eruption between 1865 and 1867 from an excentric flank vent. Since around 1990, volcán Paruma has displayed persistent fumarolic activity.

Read all

Olivine is one of the earth's most common rock-forming silicate minerals, typically contained in mafic to ultrafafic magmatic rocks with low silica content (e.g. basalt, gabbro, peridotite), which make up much of the earth's upper mantle, the oceanic crust and lava flows etc from basaltic shield volcanoes on land.
Its name refers to its often olive-green color.

Read all

Volcán Ollagüe (also known as Oyahué) is a massive andesitic stratovolcano in northern Chile on the border with Bolivia. It contains a dacitic summit lava dome. No historical eruptions have been confirmed from Ollagüe, but there is intense fumarolic activity and a persistent steam plume emanates from a fumarole on the south side of the summit dome.
There are active sulphur mines on the upper western and southern flanks of the volcano which are serviced by a now disused switchback road which reaches 5650 m elevation and rank as one of the highest in the world.

Read all

The Quaternary Olot (Garrotxa) volcanic field occupies the NE corner of Spain south of the Pyrenees Mountains about 90 km NNE of Barcelona.

Read all

Omanago volcano consists of 5 closey spaced lava domes in Nikko National Park. They are located north and NW of Nantai volcano.
The highest of the dacitic domes is 2367-m-high Omanago, which later erupted andesitic lavas. Mitsu-dake lava dome, which overlooks the hot spring resort of Lake Yunoko, was radioarbon dated at about 5000 years ago.
Mitsu-dake lava dome overlooks Lake Yunoko hot spring resort. Lake Yunoko is located at an altitude of 1478 m and is 3 km in circumference.

On-take, or correctly Ontake-san (御嶽山), is a massive stratovolcano and the second highest in Japan. It is located at the southern end of the Northern Japan Alps.
Its first historic eruption occurred in 1979. A landslide in 1984 was not related to an eruption and produced a debris avalanche and lahar running down valleys south and east of the volcano.
On-take volcano is one of the holy mountains of Japan and the destination for religious pilgrimage since 1792.

Read all

Onikobe volcano is a caldera SW of Kurikoma volcano in northern Honshu, Japan. It is probably extinct, but there are prominent geysers and hot springs in the caldera, known since about 1700 years ago.
In 1938 a new geyser (Benten geyser, or generally called Onikobe geyser) formed at a site where local residents had dug a borehole to create an onsen (hot spring).

Read all

Izu-Oshima volcano, 伊豆大島 Izu-ōshima) is the northernmost of the Izu islands of Japan, and one of the world's most active volcanoes. It is a mostly submerged stratovolcano that forms an 11 x 13 km island.
Oshima erupts very frequently, on average every 1-3 years, but has been quiet since 1990, which is an unusual long interval compared to its activity in historic times.
Eruptions at Oshima volcano occur from both summit and flank vents and its lavas are relatively fluid. The eruptions often produce lava fountains, strombolian activity, lava flows and the formation of lava lakes.

Read all

Oshima-Oshima volcano (渡島大島 in Japanese) forms a small uninhabited 4 km wide island in the Japan Sea island 55 km west of the SW tip of Hokkaido in northern Japan. Oshima-Oshima's eruption in 1741 caused a tsunami that killed almost 1500 people.

Read all

Osore-yama volcano (also known as Osorezan) is an active stratovolcano on the Shimokita Peninsula in northernmost Honshu, Japan.
It is known locally also as Yake-yama, or "Burning Mountain". Older residents reported that large fires and clouds were sometimes seen from the summit, but the only confirmed historic activity took place around 1787.
Earthquake swarms have been documented at Osore-yama during the second half of the 20th century, and magma bodies have been detected beneath the volcano.

Read all

Osorno volcano is a symmetrical, glacier-covered stratovolcano in southern Chile, rising above Todos los Santos and Llanquihué lakes.
Osorno is one of the most active volcanoes of Chile. Historical eruptions have often produced produced lava flows. Many eruptions have occurred from both summit and flank vents and fissures, the latter mostly on the west and SW sides. Lava flows from its eruptions have reached Todos los Santos and Llanquihué lakes.
While its historic activity was dominantly effusive, many explosive eruptions which generated pyroclastic flows and surges have been identified to have occurred during the past 14,000 years.

Read all