Full glossary

Garove volcano forms the 12 km long and low Garove Island, the largest of the Witu Island group located 40 miles (65 km) north of New Britain Island in the Bismarck Sea.
Garove volcano has a 5 km wide flooded caldera open to the sea through a narrow breach on the southern side, where it forms Johann Albrecht harbour.
The island has fumarole fields and thermal areas.

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Garua (Talasea) volcano (or Garua Harbour volcano) is a volcanic field on the Willaumez Peninsula in New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
It has abundant geothermal activity with hot springs, large boiling pools, fumaroles, and small geysers, in particular along the shores of Garua Harbour and on the north shore near Pangalu village. Mudpots occur near Talasea on the south shore.

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Gaua is one of the most remote and most active volcanoes of the Vanuatu archipel, located on the island with the same name in the West Banks island group atht enorthern end of the archipelago. Its most recent eruption started in Sep 2009 from Mt Garet inside the caldera lake and is ongoing (as of April 2010).

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Geology is the science and study of the solid matter that constitutes the Earth.

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The Ghegam Ridge, located in west-central Armenia between the capital city of Yerevan and Lake Sevan, contains a broad concentration of lava domes and pyroclastic cones of Pleistocene-to-Holocene age.

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Gilbanta (also spelled Gilibanta) is a submarine volcano off the western coast of Komodo Island. There are vague reports suggesting activity in 1957.

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Mt Giluwe is the highest volcano in Pacific Oceania and considered one of "the 7 volcanic summits" (not Mauna Kea on Hawaii, as many think: Giluwe is 162 m higher).
It is an ancient extinct shield volcano with 2 prominent 400 m high cones forming its summit, called the main peak and the slightly lower eastern peak (4300 m).
Occasionally, the summit receives snow fall.

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A huge volcano north of Van lake with a great eruption crater towards south-east.

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Glacier Peak is a stratovolcano in northern Washington and the most remote of the Cascade volcanoes. Its name comes from the 11 glaciers on its flanks.
Although it reaches more than 10,000 feet elevation, the volcanic edifice is only 500-1000 m high, because the volcano's base is located on a high ridge.

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Goat Rocks is the center a deeply eroded, glaciated volcanic center of a volcanic field 30 km (18 miles) north of Mount Adams, Washnington, USA.

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The Golden Trout Creek volcanic field consists of a group of cinder cones and lava flows in the Toowa Toowa valley of the Sierra Nevada, California, about 25 km south of Mount Whitney.
Toowa valley is a broad and open valley about 8600 feet high, dotted with cones rising 100-200 m above the valley floor. 4 volcanic centers have been identified at the Golden Trout Creek volcanic field.

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Golets and Tornyi are 2 pyroclastic cones located SW of Medvezhii on Iturup Island, Kurile Islands, Russia. They occupy one of the narrowest parts of the island.
The age of their last eruptions is unknown, but probably about 10,000 years ago. A lava flow from the andesitic-dacitic Tornyi cone (417 m) is seen inside a glacial depression.
Golets cone itself was constructed above the eroded remnants of the extinct Parusnaya Mountain volcano. Lava flows from Golets reached the coast.
(Source: GVP / Smithsonian volcano information)

Göllü Dağ, a 2143-m-high rhyolitic-to-rhyodacitic lava dome complex in central Anatolia, lies between the Hasan Dağ and Acigöl-Nevsehir volcanic complexes.

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Golovnin volcano (or Tomariyama in Japanese) is the southernmost volcano in the Kurile Islands and forms the southern end of Kunashir Island, located only 33 km across the Nemuro Strait from Hokkaido Island in Japan.
It has a 4x5 km wide caldera with an 1x2.5 km wide lake, active solfataric areas at the northern lake shore and several explosion craters, one of which contains a hot crater lake with reported temperatures ranging between 36-100 degrees C. The lake drains through a narrow gap in the western caldera wall. It is part of a protected reserve and swimming in the lake is prohibited.
The only known historical eruption of Golovnin volcano consisted in a minor explosion in 1848.

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Goodenough (Nidula) Island is a roughly circular volcanic island with 26 km diameter and the westernmost of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands off the NE end of New Guinea. Goodenough volcano contains several young basaltic-andesite and andesitic eruptive centers which may only be a few hundred years old.
At present, there are thermal areas and hot springs in several areas, including 1.5 km north-west of Nou Nou, south-west of Wakala Hill, on the coast east of Bolu Bolu, and 3 km north of Bolu Bolu.
Goodenough Island with its very steep cliffs might be one of the steepest islands in the world.

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Gorely volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in southern Kamchatka and located 75 km SW of Petropavlovsk. It is a complex of several overlapping stratovolcanoes with many summit and flank craters. Activity in historic times were mainly small to medium-sized ash and steam eruptions.

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Goriaschaia Sopka (also spelled Goriaschaya Sopka) is a frequently active volcano on SW Simushir Island, Kurile Islands.
Its active vent is an andesitic lava dome volcano within a large horseshoe-shaped crater cutting the NW flank of what is left of the older Igla Mountain volcano (a somma). Igla Mountain is very close to Milne volcano.
The Sopka dome is probably only about 150 years old. It has erupted many young lava flows with prominent marginal levees. Some of them reached the sea where they created an irregular shoreline.
Observed historical activity were mainly mild to moderate ash explosions and strombolian.

The SE end of Graciosa, the northernmost of the central Azorean islands, contains a small 0.9 x 1.6 km caldera with active fumaroles.

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The largely Miocene-to-Pliocene island of Gran Canaria in the middle of the Canary archipelago has been strongly eroded into steep-walled radial gorges called barrancos.

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Gran Cratere is the main crater of Vulcano volcano (Eolian Islands, Italy).

Granada volcano is a system of N-S trending fissure vents, cinder cones and craters located in western Nicaragua between the city of Granada (the oldest city founded by Europeans on the American continent) on the northwestern shore of Lake Nicaragua and the northern flanks of Mombacho volcano.
The earliest eruptions were dated to about 12,000 years ago and the latest activity could be as recent as 2000 years.
A prominent feature is the La Joya explosions craters SW of Granada town. Current activity is limited to hot springs and areas of hot ground at the western shore of Laguna Apoyo, but future eruptions are possible and pose a significant hazard to Granada town.

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Granite is the most well-known and one of the most common intrusive magmatic (plutonic) rock type. It is formed when an intrusion of viscous magma with high silica content (68-75 wt %) remains under the surface of the earth, where it cools and crystallizes slowly inside the crust.

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Literally, the "Ice Cave" - the Grotta del Gelo is the most famous and one of the most remote lava caves on Etna volcano. It is permanently filled with a small glacier - the southernmost glacier in Europe!

Grozny volcano (Etorofu Yake-yama in Japanese) in central Iturup Island, Kuriles, is one of the most frequently active volcanoes of the volcanic island chain.
It is a complex of 2 volcanoes: Ivan Grozny volcano and Tebenkov (also known as Odamoi-san) volcano.
Ivan Grozny volcano has a 3-3.5 km diameter caldera open to the south and includes the andesitic Grozny lava dome, whose name is also used for the whole complex. All known historic eruptions took place from Ivan Grozny volcano.

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Guadalupe volcano is a mostly submerged volcano that forms the island of the same name 250 km west off the coast of Baja California. The volcano was built on the old axis of an ancient spreading center and consists of 2 overlapping shields, the southern of which is the older.
The younger northern volcano could still be active and has probably erupted during the Holocene.

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Guagua Pichincha is one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes. The stratovolcano is part of a complex that rises immediately west of the capital Quito, at only 8 km distance from the city center. 3 major explosive eruptions have occurred at Guagua Pichincha in the past 2000 years, the most recent one in 1660. An event of similar size today is a major threat to the ca. 2 million city of Quito.
The volcano and the older extinct Rucu Pichincha stratovolcano form a broad volcanic massif 23 km in diameter. Historical activity of the volcano has included large explosive eruptions some of which produced sub-plinian and plinian eruption columns, lava domes. Guagua Pichincha volcano's eruptions frequently produce dangerous pyroclastic flows.
Following a 100 year long interval of being dormant, Guagua Pichincha volcano has entered a new phase of low seismic, phreatic and magmatic activity in 1981.

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Volcán Guallatiri in northern Chile just west of the Bolivian border is one of northern Chile's most active volcanoes.
It is a symmetrical ice-covered stratovolcano at the SW end of the Nevados de Quimsachata volcano group. Its summit contains a dacitic lava dome complex with the active vent located at its southern side.
There are thick lava flows on the lower northern and western flanks of the andesitic-to-rhyolitic volcano.
In historic times, Guallatiri's activity consisted in small explosive ash eruptions. There is intense fumarolic activity with "jet-like" noises, and numerous solfataras are located more than 300 m down the west flank.

Source: Smithsonian / GVP Guallatiri volcano information

Guayaques volcano is a group of lava domes in northern Chile on the border with Bolivia. The group of domes forms a 10 km long N-S trending chain and has fed thick, viscous lava flows extending up to about 3 km from the vents.
The youngest domes appear to be north of the summit crater of the dome complex and are less than 10,000 years old.

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Guazapa volcano an eroded basaltic stratovolcano 23 km NE of San Salvador city. It is not known whether the Pleistocene volcano is still active. It shows signs of intense erosion that have cut deep valleys into its flanks, suggestin a very long dormany period, and there is no crater morphology left.
However, Cerro Macanze is a scoria cone at the SE base of the volcano, which is considered by some to be only a few thousands of years old.

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Gunung Api Wetar (Gunung Api = Fire Mountain) volcano forms a small round island in an isolated location in the Banda Sea, Indonesia. The volcano is a massive stratovolcano, rising 5 km from the sea floor; the island is just the uppermost 282 m above water. It is built from lava flows and has a central crater with an intra-crater cone. The slopes of Gunung Api show evidence of 3 large landslides, the largest of which forms en embayment on the NE coast.
The youngest lava flow descended the SW flank to the coast. Explosive eruptions in 1512 and 1699 are the only known historical activity of Gunung Api Wetar.

Ranau is an 8 x 13 km caldera volcano in southern Sumatra partially filled by the crescent-shaped Lake Ranau. Gunung Semuning is a potentially still active stratovolcano constructed at the SE side of the caldera.

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Hachijo-jima volcano (八丈島, Hachijōjima) forms an 14 km NW-SE elongated island in the central Izu Islands about 300 km south of Tokyo. It consists of 2 small overlapping, mainly basaltic stratovolcanoes (Higashi-yama and Nishi-yama).
The last eruptions were from the younger Nishi-yama volcano in the 15th century and occurred from the summit and submarine vents.

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Hachimantai (Hatimantai) volcano is a complex stratovolcano in northern Honshu, Japan, located at the front of the northern Honshu volcanic arc. It belongs to the Towada-Hachimantai National Park.
Hachimantai was originally the name of a small peak (1614m) in the northern Sengan area, but is now commonly used as the name for the entire volcanic group, which contains several cones and craters in a widely scattered area.
Its summit is a vast undulated plateau containing circular craters near Komono-more and Mokko-dake in the center.
There are no historical eruptions from the volcanic group and the last activity is probably more than 7000 years ago, but there are still major major gas emissions around the Fukenoyu cone and active solfataras are found on the western and southern flanks.

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The Hainan volcanic field (also known as Khaynanj or Hainan Dao) comprises vast geologically young lava flows and numerous cinder cones on the northern part of Hainan Island in SE China.
Small fissure eruptions were recorded in 1883 from the Lingao cone and in 1933 from the Nansheling ridge.

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Hakkoda (or Hakkodasan) volcano is a group of 14 stratovolcanoes and lava domes south of Mutsu Bay at the northern end of Honshu Island, Japan.
There are fumaroles and hot springs at Ido-dake and several other locations. 3 minor phreatic eruptions were documented from Jigoku-numa on the SW flank of Odake volcano from the 13th-17th centuries.

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Hakone (Hakoneyama) volcano is located 80 km SW of Tokyo. It is a massive stratovolcano truncated by 2 overlapping calderas, the largest being 11 x 10 km wide. It contains several younger vents, mostly lava domes, on a SW-NE trend cutting through the center of the caldera. The Kami-yama stratovolcano, the youngest of these, forms the high point of the volcano.
The calderas are breached to the east by the Haya-kawa canyon. The scenic Lake Ashi (Ashinoko) was created by a phreatic eruption 3000 yeas ago, which followed the collapse of the NW flank of the largest and youngest of the lava domes and dammed the Haya-kawa valley.
The last activity of Hakone volcano was ca. 800 years ago and consisted in phreatic explosions.
Lake Ashi and other major thermal areas in the caldera are a tourist destination SW of Tokyo.

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Haku-san volcano (白山, or Mount Haku, Hakusan) is one of the 3 holy mountains in Japan (along with Fuji and On-take). It is a stratovolcano in central Honshu 260 km NW of Tokyo.
the volcano last erupted in 1659, but many eruptions have been recorded during the 1000 years prior to this.
Haku-san National Park is the most scenic part of the Hokuriku area known for its heavy snowfall. Most of the park is a protected wilderness area.

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Hanish volcano forms a group of islands in the Red Sea between Eritrea and Yemen. These include the 20 km long Great Hanish, Little Hanish, and many other small islands and submarine shoals.
The volcano contains a number of volcanic vents aligned NE-SW and consists of lava shields and cinder cones.
Eruptions on the Hanish islands often start with phreatic explosions that open new vents, then enter phases with lava fountains building up cinder cones, and then continue and end with effusion of fluid lava flows.
The islands of the Greater Hanish archipelago in the Red Sea were disputed with fighting between Eritrea and Yemen in December 1995. In 1998 the Permanent Court of Arbitration determined that the most of archipelago belonged to Yemen.

Hargy volcano (also referred to as Eve, Galloseulo, Ibi, Richthofen, Gallosculo) is a little-known volcano in eastern New Britain, but it has one of New Britains's largest calderas, which measures 12 x 10 km.
There are no known historic eruptions and the last activity has been dated to ca. 1000 years ago, but weak fumarolic activity was observed from the SE side of the western summit crater during an overflight in early September 1990.
Numerous small eruptions have taken place from a vent inside the caldera (at the Galloseulo lava cone) over the past 7000 years.

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Harra es-Sawâd volcano (also spelled Shuqra) is a volcanic field in southern Yemen. It contains about 100 cones that have produced young lava flows.
There are reports about an eruption in 1253 AD, but it's possible that there were more recent eruptions that went unnoticed.

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Harra of Arhab volcano is an active volcanic field ca 30 km north of the Yemen's capital Sana'a. Harra of Arhab lava field contains a few small stratovolcanoes and about 60 scoria cones, that cover an area of about 1500 sq km.
At least two eruptions occurred in historical time, last between 400 and 600 AD when it produced a cinder cone and a 9 km long lava flow. The other known historic eruption occurred around 200 AD.

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Harra of Bal Haf volcano is a small volcanic field about 100 km SW of the city of Al Mukalla in southern Yemen along the along the coast of the Gulf of Aden.
At least one basaltic lava flow is probably of historical age.

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Harras of Dhamar volcano has its name from a large lava field around the town Dhamar 100 km SE of Yemen's capital Sana'a. The lava flows belong to a large volcanic field, stretches 80 km to the east and consists of young stratovolcanoes, cones, and basaltic lava flows overlying older rhyolite flows. The only eruption on the Arabian peninsula occurrd from
Harras of Dhamar volcano is the probable source of the only known eruption on the Arabian peninsula in the 20th century, in 1937.

Harrat 'Uwayrid volcano is one of several basaltic volcanic fields in western Arabia, located 120 km east of the Red Sea. The field contains vast lava flows, scoria cones and tuff cones in a NW-SE aligned 125 km long area. To the NW, it joins with the Harrat ar Rahat volcanic field.
An eruption has probably occurred at around 640 AD from either the Hala-'l-Bedr or Hala-'l-'Ischia cones, or both. Bedouin legends remember that Hala-'l-Bedr erupted fire and stones, killing herdsmen and their cattle and sheep.

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Harrat al Birk volcano (also known as Harrat Hayil or Hubhub al Sheikh) is the only young volcanic field of Western Arabia located directly at the Red Sea coast, west of the town of Abha, and between the Tihamat ash Sham and Tihamat 'Asir coastal plains.
It consists of 1800 sq km of basaltic cinder cones and lava flows. Freshly eroded ash deposits are found around a vent at Jabal Ba'a, east of the main field, and suggest that an eruption might have occurred less than 100 years ago here.