Full glossary

Grande cratere, solitamente diversi chilometri attraverso, formata dal crollo del tetto di una camera magmatica svuotato da grandi eruzioni esplosive.

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The large 30x45 km wide Caldera del Atuel is located in western Argentina just east of the Argentina-Chile border and 18 km SSW of the rim of Diamante caldera.

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Ice-capped Callaqui volcano is an elongated basaltic-andesite stratovolcano in central Chile Volcano. It has had a few small explosive eruptions in historic time, and it is known for its intense fumarolic activity.

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Bald Knoll is the youngest of a group of basaltic cinder cones on the SW part of the Paunsaugunt Plateau in southern Utah, between the southern end of Bryce Canyon National Park and the western margin of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument.
The Bald Knoll cinder cone probably erupted only a few thousands years ago. It has an intact crater, which has produced a massive youthful-looking lava flow that traveled about 12 km to the SSE.
Buck Knoll and Black Knoll are 2 other cinder cones to the west, located on the western side of Kanab Creek.

The Campi Flegrei ("burning fields") or Phlegrean Fields is a large, 13-km-wide nested caldera located under the western outskirts of the citiy of Naples and under the Gulf of Pozzuoli.
It contains many volcanic centers (cinder cones, tuff rings, calderas) that have been active during the past 30-40,000 years. The volcanic field has been the site of some extremely violent eruptions in the past, although the few ones that occurred during historic times were small events. Today, there is no sign of imminent reawakening of activity, although there are abundant signs of the presence of a still active magma chamber in the forms of solfataras, warm springs, gas emissions etc. In particular, the Campi Flegrei is infamous for its frequent episodes of major ground deformation in the form of large-scale up- and downlift of the ground (bradisism, see below).

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Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia (Phlegraean Fields of the Sicily Sea) is composed of a group of submarine volcanoes SW of Sicily.

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The Quaternary Olot (Garrotxa) volcanic field occupies the NE corner of Spain south of the Pyrenees Mountains about 90 km NNE of Barcelona.

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Cinnamon Butte is one of a group of 3 young cinder cones long a WNW-ESE line immediately west of the Cascade crest and NE of Diamond Lake in Oregon, USA. The other two cones are Thirsty Point and Kelsay Point.

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The massive Carrizozo lava flow is one of Earth's longest known lava flows that were erupted in the past 10,000 years. The basalt flow is 50 m thick, 75 km long, 1-5 km wide and was mainly fed by lava tubes.

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Il Castillo de Santa Bárbara, chiamato anche Castillo de Guanapay, si trova sul Canario isola di Lanzarote in comune e townTeguise.

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Cenere vulcanica è il termine per tutti i prodotti vulcanici fine (inferiori a 2 mm), normalmente magma o roccia più anziane frammentato durante le eruzioni esplosive.

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Ciremai (or Cereme) volcano close to the north coast of Java is a symmetric stratovolcano and among the most beautiful and largest of Java's active volcanoes. It contains a deep twin crater elongated in E-W direction.
Ciremai's historic eruptions were infrequent, and consited mainly in mild explosive activity and mud flows from the summit crater.

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Brushy Butte is a small, poorly studied shield volcano immediately east of Timbered Crater maar, and south-southeast of the Medicine Lake Highlands in northern California, USA.

Indian Heaven volcano is a volcanic field 30 km halfway between Mt St. Helens and Mount Adams volcano, Washington, USA. It contains several low overlapping basaltic shield volcanoes and more than 50 flank vents with spatter cones primarily oriented along a N-S line.
The youngest eruption occurred only about 8,200 years ago and produced the voluminous Big Lava Bed, a 0.9 km3 basaltic lava flow that traveled nearly 25 km south from its source, an unnamed cinder cone SE of Red Mountain, to within 8 km of the Columbia River.

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Clear Lake volcanic field lies in the northern Coast Ranges, California, ca. 135 km north of San Francisco. The volcanic field consists of lava dome complexes, cinder cones, and maars of basaltic-to-rhyolitic composition. Mount Konocti, a dacitic lava dome on the south shore of Clear Lake, is the largest volcanic feature.
The area has intense gethermal activity, caused by a large, still hot silicic magma chamber about 14 km wide and 7 km beneath the surface. It provides the heat source for the Geysers, the world's largest producing geothermal field on the SW side of the volcanic field. Its geothermal power plants can generate approximately 2000 megawatts, enough to power two cities the size of San Francisco.
The latest volcanic activity happened about 10,000 years ago and formed maars and cinder cones along the shores of Clear Lake, the larges natural freshwater lake in California. Volcanism around Clear Lake is related to the complex San Andreas transform fault system.

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The beautifully symmetrical Mount Cleveland stratovolcano forms the western half of the uninhabited Chuginadak Island in the central Aleutians, connected to the eastern half of the island by a narrow isthmus. It is one of the regions most active volcanoes, but at present has no seismic network. Monitoring of its activity is largely based on satellite observation.

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The Bridge River Cones are a field of small basaltic cinder cones in SW British Columbia, Canda. The youngest activity from this volcanic area could be less than 1500 years old.

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Copahue volcano is an active stratovolcano in central Chile at the border with Argentina. The volcano has a 6.5 x 8.5 km wide caldera with several craters aligned on a 2 km ENE-WSW trending zone.
The eastern summit crater has an acid 300 m wide crater lake known as El Agrio or Del Agrio which has intense hydrothermal activity.
Infrequent mild-to-moderate explosive eruptions occurred in historic time. Eruptions in the last century have ejected pyroclastic rocks and chilled liquid sulfur fragments. The last one was in 2000.

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The small 3.5 x 6 km island of Corvo is located at the NW end of the Azores archipelago.

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The Coso volcanic field is located east of the Sierra Nevada Range at the western edge of the Basin and Range province, California. It consists of 38 old rhyolitic lava domes and basaltic cinder cones covering a 400 sq km area. volcano is located 200 km north of Los Angeles, California.
Eruptions in this area over the past 4 million years produced 35 km3 of lava, the youngest eruptions are probably from the basaltic Volcano Peak cinder cone and occurred more than 33,000 years ago.
Coso Geothermal System
There is geothermal activity in an ENE trending zone between Sugarloaf Mountain and the Coso Hot Springs. The Coso Hot Springs have fumaroles and intermittently active geysers. Fumaroles at Devils Kitchen and the adjacent Nicol area are located in an explosion crater surrounding a rhyolite lava dome.

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Una depressione spesso sulla parte superiore o i fianchi del vulcano di solito creato da esplosioni di lava dallo sfiato.

West Crater volcano is a small andesitic lava dome with lava flows in southern Washington, belonging to a volcanic field extending from Marble Mountain, north of Swift Reservoir, to south of Trout Creek Hill. The field consists mainly of small basaltic and basaltic andesite cinder cones and small shield volcanoes, oriented along a NW-SE zone SE of Mount St. Helens.
The most recent activity occurred about 8,000 years ago and formed the West Crater lava dome, a small cone at Hackamore Creek, and a phreatic crater at the summit of Bare Mountain.
The older, basaltic Trout Creek Hill shield volcano erupted a lava flow about 340,000 years ago that traveled 20 km SE and temporarily dammed the Columbia River.

The Lunar Crater volcanic field is a zone of vulcanism covering over 300 km2 at the southern end of the Pancake Range in the Great Basin Desert, Nevada. It contains numerous cinder cones and lava flows, fissures, and, most visibly, the 150 m deep Lunar Crater, a 1050 m wide and nearly circular maar (explosion crater) believed to have formed about 15,000 years ago.
Lunar Crater is one of Nevada's 6 National Natural Landmarks.

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The Craters of the Moon are located at the NW end of the largest lava field of the Snake River Plain in Idaho, USA. The volcanic field contains over 60 lava flows, 25 cinder cones up to 250-m high, and 8 eruptive fissure systems, and covers an area of 1600 km2.
The Craters of the Moon formed in 8 eruptive periods each lasting several hundred years, and separated by quiescence intervals of up to 3000 years. The eruptions began about 15,000 years ago, and ended with the most recent (so far) eruptions only 2100 years ago. In contrast to the Craters of the Moon, most other lava fields in the Snake River Plain formed during single, short eruptions.
On average, lava output rate was 1.5 cubic km/1000 years for the period 15,000 to 7,000 years ago and increased to 2.8 cubic km /1000 years for the interval from 7,000 to 2,000 years ago.

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Diamond Craters is a 60 sq km volcanic field in SE Oregon, 11 km east of highway 205 and 64 km (40 miles) southeast of the town of Burns. It consists of cinder cones, maars (explosion craters) and lava flows.
Diamond Craters were named after the Diamond Ranch, established in the area by the pioneer Mace McCoy and his partner Albert Hugh Robie. The ranch used a diamond-shaped brand, hence the name.

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The Mono-Inyo Craters for an elongated, 17 km long chain of lava domes, cinder cones and maars on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada between Mono Lake and Long Valley caldera, California. The last eruption at the Mono Craters took place about 600 years ago, nearly contemporaneously with the eruptions from Inyo Craters to the south. It formed tephra rings and obsidian lava domes, lava flows and locally extensive ash and pumice layers. The most known crater of the group is Panum crater.

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Ubehebe Craters volcano is a group of maars (explosion craters) located at the western margin of Tin Mountain, California, in the northern end of Death Valley. The craters were thought to have last erupted about 6000 years ago, but a recent study suggests that some activity could have occurred as little as 800 years ago.

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Crow Lagoon is a little-known volcanic center located north of Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada. There are thick layers of basaltic scoria from eruptions less than 10,000 years old.
Crow Lagoon is one of the top 10 volcanoes in Canada with recent seismic activity. The others include: Castle Rock, Mount Edziza volcanic complex, Mount Cayley, Hoodoo Mountain, The Volcano, Mount Silverthrone, Mount Meager, Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Mount Garibaldi.

In chimica, mineralogia e scienza dei materiali, un cristallo è un solido in cui sono confezionati i costituenti atomi, molecole o ioni in regolarmente ordinato, ripetendo il modello che si estende in tutte le tre dimensioni spaziali.

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