Full glossary

Madeira Island is the emergent top of a massive shield volcano that rises about 6 km from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean and forms the largest island of the Madeira Archipelago, about 90 km in length.

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Roccia fusa all'interno di un vulcano o sotto la superficie della terra. Una volta che il magma raggiunge la superficie si chiama lavico.

Meager volcano is a young andesitic-to-rhyodacitic stratovolcano located 150 km north of Vancouver in SW British Columbia, Canada. It is the northernmost member of the Cascade Range volcano which extend into northern California, USA.

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Maipo is a conical stratovolcano in the High Andes on the Chile-Argentina border 108 km SE of Santiago. Maipo partially fills the large 15 x 20 km Diamante caldera, which formed about half a million years ago during a massive eruption.

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Malabar is an old stratovolcano immediately south of the city of Bandung, north of the Wayang-Windu lava dome and west of Kamojang volcano. The 2342-m-high peak is forested to the top and basaltic to andesitic in composition, and but possibly of Holocene age.

The informally called Malang Plain "volcano" is a group of nine ash cones, maars, and lava domes of Holocene age on the Malang Plain, SE and NE of the city of Malang. Some of these vents may in fact be flank vents of the neighboring huge Tengger volcano, although this is far from certain. The area lies on a distinct N-S fault line which could as well have provided independent pathways for rising magma.

Mammoth Mountain is a lava-dome complex on the SW rim of Long Valley caldera, California. Despite its close geographic relation, it is believed that it has its own magma chamber different from the ones underlying Long Valley caldera and the Inyo craters.

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Manuk is a small steep-sided island in the Banda volcanic arc. It the easternmost volcano of Indonesia, and located only 750 km north of Darwin, Australia.
Manuk volcano rises 3000 m from the sea floor and forms a small truncated cone above water. It has summit crater with active fumaroles on the west side of the crater rim and inside the crater. At present, the island is uninhabited, but in former times, sulfur was being extracted from the crater on a small scale by Chines traders.
There are no confirmed historical eruptions from Manuk volcano, although there is an uncertain report that a member of the 1874 Challenger Expedition saw smoke rising from the crater of Manuk.

Dr. Marco Fulle, astronomo e matematico italiano e vulcano esperto è considerato a livello mondiale come tra l'elite di fotografi di vulcano.

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Mare volcano forms a small 2x3 km wide island off the west coast of Halmahera, Indonesia. It belongs to the active volcanic chain off the western coast of Halmahera. Mare volcano has a breached crater at the SW end. There are no known historic eruptions.

The Markagunt Plateau volcanic field, located east of Cedar Breaks National Monument in SW Utah, is a group of cinder cones and lava vents on Markagunt Plateau. The youngest cinder cones are located near Panguitch Lake in the north and Navajo Lake in the south.
Volcanic activity on the eastern Markagunt Plateau began about 5 million years ago and has been continuing up to the last eruption, which occurred only about 1,000 years ago. The date was obtained by dendrochronology, i.e. by counting the growth rings and thus, the age, of the oldest trees on the flow. A common maximum age of 900 years for the oldest present trees (big gnarled junipers (/. scapularium)) was found, which suggests the age of the flow being only about 1000 years old, if the first trees appeared to grow 100 years after the flow was emplaced.

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Dr. Marta Gasparrini (34) nacque nel sud Italia, dove si è laureata in scienze della terra.

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Mayon, the most famous of the active volcanoes of the Philippines, is a perfect stratovolcano rising to 2462 m on Luzon Island. It erupts very frequently.

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Merapi, a steep stratovolcano north of Central Java's capital Yogyakarta, is Indonesia's most active volcano. It erupts on average every 5-10 years and is feared for its deadly pyroclastic flows - avalanches of hot rocks and gas that are generated when parts of new lava domes constructed during eruptions in the summit crater collapse and slide down the mountain's steep flanks.
The name "Merapi" from old Javanese language means "the one making fire" is a popular name for volcanoes: another volcano with the same name Merapi is in the Ijen Massif in East Java and similarly called volcano "Marapi" lies on Sumatra Island.

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Methana è una piccola città nella parte orientale del continente del Peloponneso in Grecia.

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Una penisola vulcanica alla costa orientale del Peloponneso

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Milbanke Sound volcanic field in NW British Columbia, Canada is a group of cinder cones and lava flows on Swindle, Lake, Price, and Lady Douglas Islands in Milbanke Sound. The best preserved and probably youngest cone is Kitasu hill rising from the southern coast of Swindle Island.

Milos è un'isola vulcanica nel Mar Egeo meridionale e ben noto per i suoi ampi depositi minerari e belle spiagge. È parte dell'arco vulcanico ellenica, che comprende anche le isole vulcaniche di Santorini e Nisyros. Considerato dormiente, Milos presenta forte attività idrotermale, causata dalla subduzione di africano sotto la piastra dell'Egeo.

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Piccola cittadina a nord del Monte Etna Vulcano con un cono di cenere vulcanica

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The Mono Lake volcanic field east of Yosemite National Park and north of the Mono Craters in central eastern California is a series of cinder cones in Mono Lake and on its shore. It is one of the most recently active volcanoes in California, the last eruptions having occurred at Paoha Island only 100 or 230 years ago. Paoha Island's eruption was the appearance of a so-called cryptodome - a shallow intrusion of a viscous rhyolitic magma body that uplifted the lake bottom sediments.

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The Timer Mountain volcanic field, located approximately 150 kilometers northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, consists mainly of basaltic cinder cones and lava flows. It has been active in 3 major cycles, starting 12 million years ago. The most recent eruptions probably occurred less than 10,000 years ago.

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Sand Mountain is a cluster of 23 cinder cones NW of Mt Washington, Oregon. The youngest eruption took place to form Lost Lake cinder cone at the north end of the chain about 2000 years ago.

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Mt Adams stratovolcano 50 km east of Mt St Helens volcano is the by volume second largest volcano of the Cascades Range, after Mt. Shasta.
Mount Adams is the center of a 200 km3 volcanic field. The andesitic-dacitic volcano was built by several overlapping cones. It is elongated along a NNW-SSE line and has a flat summit with an ice cap and more than 60 flank vents.
The upper region of Mount Adams comprises 10 glaciers, barren moraines, and alpine meadows. Below 2000 m elevation, most of the volcano is covered by dense forest.
Mt Adams is popular among climbers and hikers. The only settlements near the volcano are Trout Lake and Glenwood villages, which are the base for excursions during the summer months. The nearest larger towns are Yakima (85 km NE), Goldendale (65 km SE), White Salmon-Hood River (55 km S), and Portland-Vancouver (100 km SW).

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The Colli Albani or Monte Albano (or Alban Hills) complex immediately SE of Rome contains a large Pleistocene stratovolcano with a 10 x 12 km wide caldera.

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Mount Fuji (Fuji-san, 富士山 in Japanese) is the highest volcano and highest peak in Japan and considered one of the 3 Holy Mountains (along with Mount Tate and Mount Haku). Fuji is a perfect, beautiful stratovolcano about 60 miles south-west of Tokyo, with an exceptionally symmetrical shape making it into famous symbol of Japan and an important element in Japanese art. It is a popular destination for excursions. More than 200,000 people climb to the top of the Mt Fuji every year. The last eruption of Mt Fuji was in 1707–08. Between 2000 and 2001, seismic activity under the volcano was at slightly elevated levels, rising concern about a possible reawakening of the volcano.

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Mt Hood 75 km ESE of Portland is Oregon's highest peak and one of the most prominent of the Cascades volcanoes. It is probably the only volcano in Oregon which has erupted in historic times (last confirmed activity in 1865-66).
Andesite-dacite lava domes form the glacially eroded summit complex.
The main hazard from Mt Hood are posed by pyroclastic flows and mud flows (lahars) in case of an eruption. These would travel downstream river beds radiating from the volcano and threaten communities in this area.
Flank failure and debris avalanche risk:
Scientist also warn that due to heavy alteration of rocks by fumarolic and hydrothermal activity large parts of the upper volcanic edifice are structurally unstable and could be prone to massive slope failure. This would trigger catastrophic debris flows, such as has happened at Mt St. Helens in 1980 and have happened in Mt Hood's geologic past as well. More than 100,000 years ago, a large collapse produced a debris avalanche and lahar that traveled north down the Hood River valley and crossed the Columbia River, and a smaller, but still sizeable event like this repeated itselfa about 1500 years ago.

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Mount St Helens volcano hardly needs introduction. In its spectacular eruption in 1980, it placed itself deep into collective memory, in particular within the NW states of the USA. Prior to this eruption and its gradual reawakening, little attention had been given to the volcanic nature and the beautiful mountain was a popular landmark for excursions.

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Mt Shasta in Siskiyou County, northen Californian, is the second largest volcano of the Cascade Range. Mount Shasta rises majestically nearly 10,000 ft (3000 m) above the surrounding terrain as it is not connected to any nearby mountain. It has an estimated volume of 350 km3 which makes it the most voluminous stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
The impressive and beautiful mountain has attracted the attention of poets, authors, ufo-watchers, and is considered a spiritual power center by many.

Geologically, Shasta is remarkable for a giant landslide that removed the entire northern side of the volcano between about 300,000 to 360,000 years ago. With an estimated volume of 6.5 cubic km, it is one of the largest avalanches known on earth. The slide flowed northwestward into Shasta Valley where the Shasta River now cuts through the 28 miles (45 km) long debris flow deposit.
The last confirmed eruption of Mt Shasta happened in 1786 and was observed by the exporer La Pérouse from his ship.

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Moti (also spelled Motir) volcano forms a 5 km wide island surrounded by coral reefs north of Makian volcano. It is part of the N-S aligned chain of volcanoes off the W coast of Halmahera Island, Indonesia.

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Mt Baker 50 km east of Bellingham, Washington, is the northernmost of Washington's volcanoes and one of the lesser known ones in the Cascade Range.
Mt Baker Volcano has been very active during the last centuries, but has been in repose now for more than 130 years.
Early settlers in the Puget Sound region observed 19th-century activity, which consisted of relatively small phreatic eruptions. Sherman Crater, the historically active crater immediately south of the summit, started to emit steam since 1975, but no other signs suggest a reawakening in the near future.
The main hazard from Mt Baker are lahars, caused by melting of glacial ice covering the upper slopes. Baker is drained in the north by North Fork Nooksack River, in the west by Middle Fork Nooksack River, and east by Baker River. These valley are at risk of such lahars in case of a new eruption.
The eruption in 1843 killed fish in Baker River, ignited forest and caused minor ash fall in nearby areas. Steam emissions continued at the Sherman Crater and Dorr fumarole field on the north flank until the 1940's and 1950's.

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Mount Rainier, the highest peak in the Cascade Range, is located 87 km SE of Seattle and forms a majestic backdrop to the landscape of the region. The volcano is covered by 26 main glaciers, and melting of glacial ice by a future eruption causing lahars are a significant hazard for the region.
Reported 19th-century eruptions can not be verified by any deposits, but it is likely that some phreatic activity took place in 1894.
Previous eruptions have produced large debris avalanches and lahars, some of which have traveled all the way to the Pacific Ocean and reached Puget Sound.

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Mount Washington is a composite volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon. The mountain dates to the Late Pleistocene. However, it does have a line of basaltic andesite spatter cones on its northeast flank which are approximately 1,330 years old according to carbon dating. The main peak, formed by an andesitic lava dome is strongly eroded by glacial action during the last ice age.

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Muria is an old, but still considered active stratovolcano with deeply eroded flanks on the north coast of Central Java. It forms most of the Muria peninsula and has last erupted perhaps as recently as about 2000 years ago.

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