Full glossary

Didicas volcano is a small volcanic island 22 km NE of Camiguin Island, 60 km off the northern coast of Luzon, Philippines.
Until 1952, it was a submarine volcano that had previously formed temporary islands during eruptions. In the eruption of 1952 the submarine volcano formed a new lava dome that surfaced above sea level and has become now a permanent new island.

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The Dieng volcanic complex forms a 6x14 km large highland plateau in Central Java west of Yogyakarta. It consists of overlapping volcanoes and a large caldera, lava domes, cones, and explosion craters many of which are filled by lakes.
It is known for its varied colorful volcanic scenery and hydrothermal activity, and a sacred area to the Javanese people; some of the oldest Hindu temples of Java are found here, dating back to the 8th century AD.

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Dobu is one of 3 volcanic centres of the Dawson Strait Group. It forms the small Dobu Island SE of Fergusson Island.
Dobu volcano consists of a composite cone with a summit crater and a small satellite cone. It, too, has produced obsidian lava flows.

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Doma Peaks is an andesitic stratovolcano located at the western end of a volcanic chain in the highlands of New Guinea.
The volcano has 2 westward facing escarpments which are probably the result of landslides.
It has a main cater breached towards the west by the Arua River, flank vents southwest of the summit, and a lava field on the northeastern flank.
The age of the last eruption is unknown. At present, there is geothermal activity at the headwaters of the Arua and Tebi Rivers.

Volcán Domuyo is a stratovolcano in NW Argentinia and perhaps still an active one. It has a 15-km wide caldera, within which at least 14 dacitic lava domes and other eruptive centers were constructed. Other 5 vents are outside the caldera, the largest being the Volcán Chanque-Mallín volcano on the ESE flank. Chanque-Mallín itself is truncated by a 4-km-wide caldera and contains a new lava dome.

Doña Juana is a forested stratovolcano 56 km NE of Galeras volcano. The volcano has 2 calderas, the younger of which contains the active summit cone. The only historic eruption started in 1897 and lasted almost 10 years, during which the youngest of several summit lava dome was built. Large pyroclastic flows were produced during this eruption.

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Enger Freund von Tom, indonesischen Vulkanologe Doni Wijanyanto, arbeitet für die vulkanologischen Umfrage von Indonesien und Gruppen für VolcanoDiscovery führt.

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The small Dotsero maar in NW Colorado, 2 km NE of the small town Dotsero, near the junction of the Colorado and Eagle Rivers west of the Gore Range, is the only volcano in Colorado that has had activity in the past 10,000 years.
It erupted ca. 4000 years ago, producing an explosion crater (maar), lahars, and a 3 km long lava flow.
The crater of Dotsero is 700 m in diameter and 400 m deep with a flat floor covered by debris. It exposes a lithic-rich pyroclastic deposit, a strombolian scoria-fall deposit, lahars deposits, and a lava flow.

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Doyo Seamount is the southernmost of the 7 Shichiyo Seamounts, named for the 7 days of the week. Doyo ("Saturday") is a basaltic-andesite submarine caldera that rises 2340 m from the sea floor to within 860 m of the sea surface.
It has a large horseshoe-shaped 3 x 10 km wide summit caldera. Major hydrothermal activity was observed in July 1990, and the volcano was reclassified as active by the Japan Meteorological Agency.

Dubbi volcano in Eritrea is a large volcanic massif rising 1625 m above the the western shore of the Red Sea. It is located in the Afar triangle south of the crystalline basement rocks in the Danakil Alps east of the Danakil depression and east of the Erta Ale range.
The two most-recent eruptive centers are fissure systems that extend NW-SE and NNE-SSW. The former produced lava flows that reached the Red Sea in 1400 AD. The second created 19 small craters at the summit in 1861. Ash fell more than 300 km from the volcano. Two villages were destroyed and more than 100 persons were killed during Africa's largest eruption in historical time. Lava flows from the 1861 eruption traveled as far as 22 km and reached the coast.

An eruption on 12 June 2011 from neighboring Nabro was originally believed to be from Dubbi.

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Durango volcano is a volcanic field in north-central Mexico north of the city of Durango, located at the NW end of the Meseta Central and the eastern edge of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The volcanic field covers 2100 sq km and contains about 100 maars, cinder cones and lava flows.
Young activity occurred from the La Breña cone only a few thousand years ago.

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E-san (恵山（えさん） in Japanese) is the southernmost active volcano on Hokkaido. It is a small andesitic stratovolcano located in the southeast of the Kameda-hanto Peninsula extending into the Pacific Ocean from the south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait from Honshu.
It has a lava dome forming its summit and another lava dome to the NW. Both have been active within the past 10,000 years, the summit lava dome forming about 9000 years ago.
The only known historic eruptions were a small phreatic eruption in 1846 which produced a lahar with many fatalities, and a small explosion in 1874.
E-san has many active fumaroles in a thermal area on the upper NW flank.
Fumaroles are located on the upper NW flank. At the foot of Mt. E-san is the Esan-onsen Hot Spring, a popular attraction since the latter half of the 19th century, it is renowned for its distinctive wine-red colored water.

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Eagle lake is a volcanic field at the junction of the Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and Basin Range in California, USA. It contains 15 small cinder cones, fissures and lava flows.

Ebeko is one of the most active volcanoes in the Kurile Islands, located in northern Paramushir Island south of Kamchatka.
Ebeko volcano has a flat top with 3 summit craters aligned SSW-NNE. The eastern part of the southern crater contains a large boiling spring. The middle crater has a hot lake with solfataras along its shore. The lower northern crater has a small, cold lake and is separated from the middle crater by a narrow ridge.
Historical activity has been recorded since the late 18th century and consisted in small to moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters. Intense fumarolic activity occurs in the summit craters of Ebeko and on the outer flanks of the cone, as well as inside lateral explosion craters.

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Ebulobo (also called Amburombu or Keo Peak), is a symmetrical stratovolcano in central Flores Island. It has a flat summit lava dome and contains a 250 m summit crater, breached on 3 sides. In 1830, a lava flow (known as Watu Keli lava flow) descended from the northern breach on the summit and reached 4 km length.
A small summit eruption occurred on 28th February 1969, where "fire", steam and ash were reported.

Mount Ediziza in NW British Columbia, Canada is a large, complex stratovolcano about 1 million years old forming the most recently active of a group of overlapping basaltic shields, lava domes, flows, and central stratovolcanoes. Mount Edziza contains a 2-km-wide, ice-filled summit caldera with a central summit crater and several flank vents. The volcano's lavas range from basalt to rhyolite.
Frequent volcanic activity of the complex has been going on for about 8 million years, but the last eruptions occurred only about 1000 years ago.
After the Level Mountain Range to the north, Edziza is Canada's second largest young volcano.
Volcanic activity of the Edziza complex is caused by extension structures in the underlying basement and the volcano lies along a zone of north-south normal faults east of the Coast Crystalline Complex.

Active or recently active warm springs are found in several areas along the western flank of the volcanic plateau, including Elwyn springs (36°C), Taweh springs (46°C), and inactive springs near Mess Lake. All 3 hydrothermal areas are near the youngest lava fields on the plateau and are probably associated with the most recent volcanic activity at Mount Edziza.
The vast plateau has also been an important cultural resource. The Tahltan people, who now live largely near Telegraph Creek, British Columbia, used volcanic glass (obsidian) from Mount Edziza to make tools and for trading material.
More recently, most of the plateau has been made into a provincial park to preserve the volcanic and culture treasures unique to the northern British Columbia area.

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Effusiv bedeutet Ausströmen, Ausfließen von Magma (->Lavaströme)

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1703-m-high Gunung Egon volcano is one of the active volcanoes of Flores. After about a century of being dormant, the volcano came suddenly back to live in 2004, triggering the evacuation of about 7000 people.

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Ekarma stratovolcano forms a small 5 x 7.5 km island 8.5 km north of Shiashkotan Island in the northern Kurile Islands, Russia.
The volcano belongs to an E-W-trending volcanic chain extending westward from the central part of the main Kuril Island arc. It contains two overlapping basaltic-andesite to andesitic volcanoes, with the western one showing historical activity. Lava flows have flown 3 km in all directions from the summit of the younger cone to the sea, forming a sinuous shoreline.
The island summit is formed by a lava dome which formed in the first historic eruption of Ekarma between 1767-69.

El Aguajito volcano (also known as Santa Ana caldera) is a large 10 km wide caldera at the coast of the Gulf of California, northwest of the older La Reforma caldera. The caldera formed during massive eruptions about 760,000 years ago in what would be called a super-volcano eruption, and its rim is no longer exposed. A series of lava domes that formed about 500,000 years ago, occupy its northern edge. There is an active geothermal system with hot springs along the southern side of the caldera.

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The triangular island of El Hierro is the SW-most and least studied of the Canary Islands.
Following intense earthquake swarms since July 2011, a new submarine eruption started in Oct 2011 at a vent ca. 1 km south of La Restinga off the southern tip of the island. The eruption, which could even start to build a new island, is ongoing at the time of updating. Follow the El Hierro news page for the latest events.

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The majestic El Misti volcano is Peru's most known and one of its most active volcanoes. It is an andesitic symmetrical stratovolcano that dominates the town of Arequipa, only 16 km to the SW, and its proximity to Peru's second largest city as well its history of explosive eruptions make it one of the world's most dangerous volcanoes.

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El Negrillar (Negros de Aras) is a group of cinder cones and andesitic lava flows in northern Chile about 20 km north of Socompa volcano. The age of volcanic activity from the field is unknown. The major Holocene debris avalanche from Socompa volcano overlies (= is younger than) some youthful-looking lava flows at the western margin of the El Negrillar field.
Note: A volcano called La Negrillar is located nearaby.

El Solo volcano is large stratovolcano in Argentina at the border with northern Chile and west of Nevados del Ojos de Salado and SE of Tres Cruces volcano.
Is comprises 9 eruptive centers. The age of its last eruptions is unknown, but was during the Holocene (less than 11,700 years ago), when it produced thick rhyodacitic pyroclastic-flow deposits that fill adjacent valleys.

El Tatio is one of the most impressive thermal areas of the Andes. The geothermal field is located in northern Chile within a depression east of a chain of older volcanoes, Cerro Deslinde, Cerro Volcán, Cerros del Tatio, and Volcán Tatio.
The Hoyada de Los Geisers del Tatio geothermal field covers 30 sq km and contains 85 fumaroles and solfataras, 62 hot springs, 40 geysers, 5 mud volcanoes, and extensive sinter terraces. It is the world's third largest geyser field and the largest geothermal area in the southern hemisphere.
It has been tried to install geothermal energy plants, but the remoteness of the area and difficulty in providing infrastructure prohibited its development.

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El Valle volcano is a (perhaps still active) stratovolcano 80 km SW of Panama City. The volcano has a broad shape and is cut by the 6 km wide El Valle de Antón caldera, which formed about 56,000 years ago.
Lava domes that grew inside the caldera include the Cerro Pajita, Cerro Gaital, and Cerro Caracoral dome complex.

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Elbrus volcano is a large stratovolcano in the western Caucasus of SW Russia. It is the highest mountain of Europe (although some argue that it belongs already to Asia) and the highest volcano of the northern hemisphere.
Elbrus has not erupted for about 2000 years, but is considered an active volcano. There is weak solfataric activity near the summit and hot springs are present on the volcano's flanks.

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The "Emperor of China" is an questionable submarine volcano in the western part of the Banda Sea and rises 1500 m above the sea floor. The mountain has a flat shield shape and there are unconfirmed reports about possible eruptions in 1927 and before 1927. (Source: GVP)

In addition to Gunung Endut, in a wider context, Endut volcano is used as the name for a series of volcanoes / volcanic edifices that surround the Gunung Salak Geothermal Field in West Java.
The compositions of Endut volcano's lavas are mostly andesitic.
Source: GVP

Erciyes Dağ or Erciyes Dagi volcano is a massive, eroded stratovolcano that dominates the northern end of the Sultansazligi Basin in central Anatolia. It covers an area of about 1300 sq km.

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Mount Erebus stratovolcano is the highest and most active volcano of Antarctica, one of the Volcanic Seven Summits, and the largest of 4 volcanoes that form the roughly triangular Ross Island (Mt Erebus, and the extinct Mt. Bird to the north, Mt. Terra Nova and Mt. Terror to the east).
Hut Point Peninsula to the south is the location of McMurdo Station (the main US base) and Scott Base (the main New Zealand base).
Mount Erebus volcano, located on the western half of Ross Island, Antarctica, is the world's southernmost historically active volcano and famous for its active boiling lava lake.
Its summit temperature averages between -20 (summer) and -50 deg C (winter) and it is covered by glaciers. It was discovered by explorer Caption James Ross in 1841 and climbed 1908 by members of Ernest Shackleton's expedition. Since then it was visited only very rarely in the following 100 years.

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Cerro Escorial volcano is a small andesitic-dacitic stratovolcano in northern Chile on the border with Argentina. The volcano contains a 1 km wide well-preserved summit crater of possible Holocene age. There are young-looking lava flows mostly towards the Chilean side, but they are probably more than 300,000 years old.
A large sulfur mine active until around 1978, La Casualidad or Mina Julia, is located 4 km SW of the volcano in an area of extensive hydrothermal alteration. A present, the volcano has warm springs (frozen at the surface), mud vents, and fumaroles, suggesting that the volcano is still active.

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The subglacial Esjufjöll volcano at the SE part of the Vatnajökull icecap, north of Öræfajökull volcano, may contain a central caldera. A minor eruption in 1927 that produced a large jökulhlaup is the only known historical activity from Esjufjöll.

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Esteli volcano is a group of young fissure vents, cones and lava flows located 36 km south of Honduras in the northern interior highlands between the town of Estelí and the border. The volcanic center is not on the main volcanic front of Nicaragua, but 70 km NE of the main volcanic arc.
Some of the lava flows and cones near Esteli town could be less than 10,000 years old.

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Wenn Magma beim Austritt als Fragmente (Asche, Lapilli, Bomben) in die Luft geschleudert wird, spricht man von einem explosiven Ausbruch (im Gegensatz zu effusiv).

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Eyafjallajökull volcano (its name meaning Island-Mountain under a glacier) under the small homonymous glacier in southern Iceland erupted spectacularly on 20 March 2010, after having been dormant for almost 200 years. During its most violent phase, the subglacial eruption produced large ash plumes that drifted over Europe and forced an unprecedented closure of airspace over most of Europe for several days in mid April 2010.

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Nearly 200 scoria cones dot the "waist" of Sao Miguel Island between Sete Cidades and Agua de Pau volcanoes.

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Falso Azufre volcano is a volcanic complex on the Chile/ Argentina border. The 15 km long complex contains overlapping craters and lava domes. The western part contains the highest peak, Cerro Falso Azufre.

Fantale (also spelled Fantalle, Fentale, or Fantala) is a large stratovolcano in the Ethiopian Rift Valley west of Lake Awash. It contains a large spectacular summit caldera.
Fantale's historic eruptions produced lava flows that descended to the east side into the valley and lake Awash. An eruption during the 13th century destroyed a town and church located south of the volcano. In 1820, a 4 km long fissure eruption occured on the east flank and sent basaltic lava flows both into the caldera and outside, reaching the bottom of the Rift valley.

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The island of Fayal, also spelled Faial, is the nearest of the central Azorean islands to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

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Ein Schlot, flach, rund, auch bekannt als vulkanischen Fissur oder einfach flach, rund, ist ein linearer vulkanischer Schlot bricht durch die Lava.

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Flores Island and Corvo Island to its north are located far west of the rest of the Azores islands and are the only two Azorean volcanoes lying west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

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Fort Selkirk is a volcanic field near the junction of the Yukon and Pelly rivers in central Yukon. It is the northernmost young volcanic field in Canada.
The volcano consists of large valley-filling lava flows and 3 cinder cones.
The volcanic field developed at the intersection of two prominent fault lines, one running east-west, marked by the Pelly River and the lower Yukon River, and the other one NW-SE, defined by the upper Yukon River.
The first activity of the volcanic field were effusive, valley-filling eruptions of fluid basalt lava, followed by the construction of 3 cinder cones during strombolian-type eruptions and related emplacement of viscous aa lava flows.

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Fossilien sind die mineralisierten oder auf andere Weise erhalten bleibt oder Spuren (z. B. Spuren) von Tieren, Pflanzen und andere Organismen.

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The Four Craters lava field, along with Devils Garden and Squaw Ridge, is the SE-most of a group of 3 basaltic lava fields SE of Newberry volcano in the High Lava Plains of central Oregon.
The Four Craters lava field contains 4 spatter cones along a 4-km-long NW-SE-trending line. The NW-most and highest cone has a well-preserved crater rim. The other 3 cones are breached to the west, SW, and south, respectively. The age of the Four Craters lava field is unknown, but probably similar to that of Squaw Ridge and Devils Garden, i.e. most likely about 10-20,000 years ago.

Fuego, one of Central America's most active volcanoes, is one of three large stratovolcanoes overlooking Guatemala's former capital, Antigua. It typically has strombolian activity and sometimes phases of intense lava fountaining, producing tall ash plumes and dangerous pyroclastic flows.

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