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Calbuco volcanostratovolcano 2003 m / 6,571 ft
Southern Chile and Argentina, South America, -41.33°S / -72.61°W Current status: dormant (1 out of 5) [hide map] [enlarge map]
Typical eruption style: explosive
Calbuco volcano eruptions: 1972, 1961, 1929, 1917, 1911-12, 1909, 1907, 1906, 1895, 1893-94 Last earthquakes nearby:
Calbuco volcano consists mainly of blocky aa lava flows and tephra layers, and its summit is truncated by a 400-500 m wide summit crater. Debris avalanches from Calbuco have reached Lake Llanquihue. One of the largest historical eruptions in southern Chile took place from Calbuco in 1893-1894. It ended with the formation of a lava dome in the summit crater. Later eruptions have enlarged the lava-dome complex. Background:The stratovolcano edifice of Calbuco is elongated in a SW-NE direction and is the result of a complex history, creating 4 major units:Calbuco-1: the oldest volcanic edifice which is now eroded and only outcrops in deep gullies. Calbuco-2: the main cone of Calbuco volcano, which consists of interbedded lavas and breccias. This edifice was truncated by a a 3 km3 debris avalanche to the NNW following a violent plinian eruption. Calbuco-3: the complex of lava flows and domes on the northern flank emplaced after the debris avalanche. This unit partially fills the scar of the avalanche. Calbuco-4: the historical lava dome and associated lava flows produced during the eruptions of 1893-94, 1917, 1929 and 1961. --- Sources: - Smithsonian / GVP volcano information - López-Escobar et al (1995) "Calbuco Volcano and minor eruptive centers distributed along the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone, Chile (41°–42° S): contrasting origin of andesitic and basaltic magma in the Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v 119 (4), pp 345-361 |
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