Lokon-Empung Volcán

Updated: 20 nov. 2025 17:55 GMT - refresh

Stratovolcano

North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 1.36°N / 124.79°E

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Summit height: 1580 m / 5,184 ft

Current status: restless (2 out of 5)

Last update: 19 nov 2025 (Smithsonian Daily Volcanic Activity Report)

The twin volcanoes Lokon and Empung, rising about 800 m above the plain of Tondano, are among the most active volcanoes of Sulawesi.
Lokon, the higher of the two peaks (whose summits are only 2.2 km apart), has a flat, craterless top. The younger Empung volcano has a 400-m-wide, 150-m-deep crater that erupted last in the 18th century, but all subsequent eruptions have originated from Tompaluan, a 150 x 250 m wide double crater situated in the saddle between the two peaks.
Historical eruptions have primarily produced small-to-moderate ash plumes that have occasionally damaged croplands and houses, but lava-dome growth and pyroclastic flows have also occurred.

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Typical eruption style: Small-moderate explosive eruptions.
Erupciones del volcán Lokon-Empung: 1375, 1775, 1829, 1893-94, 1930, 1942, 1948, 1951-53, 1958-59, 1961, 1962, 1963-64, 1965, 1966, 1969-70, 1971, 1973-74, 1975-80, 1984(?), 1986-87, 1988, 1991-92, 2000-01, 2002, 2002-03, 2011, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2015

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Lokon-Empung Volcano Photos

Cráter, Gunung Lokon, Tomohon, Sulawesi del Norte, Indonesia (Photo: Jay Ramji)

Flores frente al volcán Lokon (Photo: Thomas Spinner)

Cráter activo del volcán Lokon. (Photo: mlyvers)

Lago del cráter y fumarolas, Gunung Lokon, Tomohon, Sulawesi del Norte, Indonesia (Photo: Jay Ramji)

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Erupciones volcánicas significativas: Lokon-Empung volcano

In the past 10,000 years, Lokon-Empung has had at least 30 confirmed eruptions, all documented by historical records or observations. There is one uncertain or discredited eruption in 1984 from Lokon-Empung volcano.

The table below lists all known eruptions (date in bold face) of Lokon-Empung volcano since around 1900. Updates on the most recent volcanic activity of Lokon-Empung can be found on the news page of Lokon-Empung volcano.

Fecha	Nota	VEI	Fallecidos	Daños
2015 ago 30 - sep 28 ±1 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
2015 may 20 - may 27	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	1		desconocido
2012 sep 15 - 2013 sep 10	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
2011 jun 26 - 2012 may 2	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
2011 jul 17 (episodio eruptivo 2011 jul 17)	Obs. históricas/documentos	0	1	desconocido	Información
2011 jul 17: According to news articles, three eruptions during 14-15 July from Tompaluan crater, in the saddle between the Lokon-Empung peaks, ejected lava and ash, and caused forest fires on the W flank. A local mayor noted that 6,000 people were in shelters and one person had died from a heart attack while evacuating. Other articles stated that 5,200 people had evacuated. Explosions during 17-18 July produced ash plumes that rose 0.6-3.5 km above the crater. (reference #2432) Cited references #2432 Venzke, E., R.W. Wunderman, L. McClelland, T. Simkin, J.F. Luhr, L. Siebert, and G. Mayberry (eds.) (2002-): Global Volcanism, 1968 to the Present. Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program Digital Information Series, GVP-4 (http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/). Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
2011 feb 22	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	1		desconocido
2003 sep 12	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	3		desconocido
2002 dic 23 - 2003 abr 1	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
2002 feb 9 - may 16 ±15 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
2000 may 10 ±3 d. - 2001 ago 18	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
1991 may 17 - 1992 ene 16 ±15 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	3		desconocido
1991 oct 24 (erupción 1991 may 17 - 1992 ene 16 ±15 d.)	Obs. históricas/documentos	1	1	desconocido	Información
1991 oct 24: An amateur Swiss volcanologist was killed while observing the eruption. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1988 abr 21 - may 1	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	1		desconocido
1986 mar 22 - 1987 may 13	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
?? 1984 jun 5 ±4 d. - nov 16 ±15 d.	Erupción incierta	1		desconocido
1975 nov 16 ±15 d. - 1980 jul 2 ±182 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
1973 sep 15 - 1974 dic 16 ±15 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	1		desconocido
1971 may 11 - oct 26 ±5 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
1969 nov 27 - 1970 dic 26 ±5 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
1966 sep 24 - sep 30 ?	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
1965 jul 10	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	1		desconocido
1963 dic 17 - 1964 abr 16 ±15 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
1962 abr 16 ±15 d. - nov 16 ±15 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	1		desconocido
1961 may 19 - dic 16 ±15 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
1958 feb 19 - 1959 dic 23	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
1951 jul 2 - 1953 mar 16 ±15 d.	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	3		desconocido
1949 sep 14	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	1		desconocido
1942 sep 3	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido
1930 ago	Tompaluan Obs. históricas/documentos	2		desconocido

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Remark:

Our list of volcanic eruptions closely follows the database of eruptions of the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Project (GVP), the internationally most recognized data source for volcanic eruptions, but also includes significant eruptive episodes or related volcano events. "Volcanic eruptions" are usually to be understood as sequences of individual eruptive episodes that can follow each other, or even overlap (if several vents are involved), and can last many years, decades or even longer. For example, the current activity of Stromboli volcano is understood as a single eruption that has been ongoing since 1934.

Fuentes: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K | Global Volcanism Project / Smithsonian Institution

Lokon-Empung Volcano FAQ

+When was the last eruption of Lokon-Empung volcano?

The last confirmed eruption of Lokon-Empung occurred in 2015.

+How often does Lokon-Empung volcano erupt?

Since 1375 AD, Lokon-Empung volcano has had at least 30 historically documented eruptions. This means that it erupts on average every 21.7 years.
Many eruptions of Lokon-Empung have lasted more than one year. In total, the volcano has been in eruption during 43 out of 650 years until now. In other words, Lokon-Empung has been active at least one in 15.1 years on average. Note that this value is likely an underestimate, because the known history of eruptions from Lokon-Empung is likely incomplete, especially further back in time.

+How active is Lokon-Empung volcano at present?

Lokon-Empung volcano is very active: Since 1900, it has had 38 eruptions, and been active during 38 years out of 126 as of now. This means, Lokon-Empung has been in eruption one in 3.3 years on average. The last eruption was in 2015 and ended 10 years ago.

+When was the largest eruption of Lokon-Empung volcano?

The largest eruption of Lokon-Empung volcano in historic times occurred in 2003. It ranks as a "vulcanian" eruption with a magnitude 3 on the VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) scale.

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Lokon-Empung Volcán Mapas

Below is a selection of maps showing the location and surroundings of the volcano at various resolutions based on aerial-imagery / terrain maps. Feel free to use them for non-commercial purposes on your blog or website as long as you credit them with a link back to this page (click to copy it).