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Full glossary

Aggiornato: 28 mar. 2024 12:46 GMT -

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accrezione lapilli (Volcanology)

Piccole sfere sferiche di cenere vulcanica

Acigöl-Nevsehir (Volcano)

The big caldera of Acigöl-Nevsehir is located in central Turkey and has a size of 7-8 km diameter.

Afrera lago salato (Place)

Lago salato in Etiopia

Agata (Minerals)

Agata è una varietà microcristallina di quarzo (silice), principalmente Calcedonio, caratterizzata dalla sua finezza della grana e la luminosità del colore.

Agios Georgios (Place: Porto di Agios Georgios)

Agios Georgios è un piccolo porto sulla penisola Methana in Grecia

Agostino (Volcano)

Augustine is the most active volcano of the eastern Aleutian arc. It consists of several overlapping lava domes that frequently produce explosive eruptions and are notorious for collapsing, producing glowing avalanches (block and ash flows).
Augustine volcano had a devastating eruption 1883 when large parts of the summit dome complex collapsed. In the following century, several eruptions associated with dome growth have restored the volcano's height again. Historical eruptions after that date were typically explosive, producing pyroclastic pumice flows and block-and-ash flows, followed by regrowth of the lava domes.

Agua de Pau (Volcano)

Agua de Pau stratovolcano in central Sao Miguel Island contains an outer 4 x 7 km caldera formed about 30,000 to 45,000 years ago and an inner 2.5 x 3 km caldera that was created about 15,000 years ago.

Agung (Volcano: Gunung Agung)

Mount Agung or Gunung Agung is a active volcano in Bali. This stratovolcano is the highest point on the island. It dominates the surrounding area influencing the climate. The clouds come from the west and Agung takes their water so that the west is lush and green and the east dry and barren.

Akrotiri (Place)

Akrotiri è un villaggio nel sud-ovest dell'isola di Santorini

Akyarlar (Volcano)

The Bodrum & Akyarlar volcanics belong to the area of the active Cos volcanic complex and are the most western volcanics of Turkey.

Alberi di lava (Volcanology)

Il rivestimento lavico intorno a un tronco d'albero lasciato da un flusso di lava liquida invasore.

Alligator Lake (Volcano)

Alligator Lake in southern Yukon, Canada, is a group of basaltic cones and lava flows (the Miles Canyon basalts). It is located at the northern extremity of the Stikine volcanic belt, 30 km southwest of the capital city Whitehorse.
The field contains 2 cinder cones on top of a small basaltic shield volcano which is eroded by glacial cover. The cones probably post-date the ice age and seem to be a few thousands years old. Lava flows from both cones traveled to the north and were erupted simultaneously. The longest lava flow extends 6 km N and reaches a width of 10 km.

Alu (Volcano)

A series of eruptive fissures near Dalaffilla volcano at the northern end of the Erta Ale range (Danakil desert, Ethiopia), many of which have erupted voluminous basaltic lava flows, as recently as in Nov. 2008.

Ambang (Volcano)

Amboy (Volcano)

The Amboy volcanic field covers an area of 70 km2 between Bagdad Dry Lake to the west and Bristol Dry Lake to the east in the Mojave Desert, California. It contains mainly pahoehoe lava flows. Amboy crater proper is a prominant cinder cone in the NE of the lava field.

Ambrym (Volcano)

Ambrym is a large basaltic volcano with a 12-km-wide caldera. It is not only one of the most active volcanoes of Vanuatu, but in the world. Its most active craters often contain small lava lakes.

Amiata (Volcano)

Amiata is a lava dome complex located about 20 km NW of Lake Bolsena in the southern Tuscany region of Italy.

Anak Krakatau (Volcano)

Tradotto letteralmente, "il bambino di Krakatau," Anak Krakatau è l'isola più giovane dell'arcipelago vulcanico Krakatau nello stretto della sonda. Si è formata durante nuove eruzioni nel 1927, quando una nuova isola apparso nella caldera lasciato dall'enorme eruzione del vulcano Krakatau nel 1883.

andesite (Volcanology)

Andesite è un grigio di roccia vulcanica nera con tra circa 52 e 63 peso percentuale silice (SiO2). Andesiti sono tipici per cupole di lava e stratovolcanoes.

anello di fumo (Volcanology: anello di fumo vulcanica, fornello a gas, vapore anello)

Un fenomeno raro, dove un anello di vortice visibile di vapore e gas viene espulso da uno sfogo vulcanico.

Annegarono (Volcano)

Rajabasa is a prominent, isolated volcano along the Sunda Strait at the SE-most tip of Sumatra.

Aragats (Volcano)

Aragats is a large andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano in NW Armenia about 40 km NW of the capital city of Yerevan.

Ararat (Volcano)

The 5165-m-high, double-peaked stratovolcano Mount Ararat, also known as Agri Dagi, is Turkey's highest, largest volume, and easternmost volcano.

Arenal (Volcano)

Arenal, una grande attrazione turistica in Costa Rica, è uno dei vulcani più attivi dell'America centrale. Poiché una grande eruzione nel 1968, è stato in attività quasi continua, costruendo una cupola lavica e visualizzazione attività esplosiva mite dal cratere di vertice.

Arjuno-Welirang (Volcano)

ashfall (Volcanology: caduta di cenere vulcanica)

Caduta di cenere vulcanica è la deposizione di cenere dall'aria da eruzione pennacchi emessi durante le eruzioni vulcaniche esplosive.

Askja (Volcano)

Athens (Place)

Capitale della Grecia, situato sulla penisola di Attika del continente meridionale

Atlin (Volcano)

Atlin is a group of young cinder cones and lava flows on the Teslin Plateau east of Lake Atlin in western British Columbia, Canada. The largest cone is 1880-m-high Ruby Mountain (named for the brilliantly colored tephra deposits), which has been partially eroded by glaciation.

Auckland Field (Volcano)

The Auckland Volcanic Field directly underlies the largest city of New Zealand and consists of more than 50 basaltic cones, maars and lava flows. It covers an elliptical area of 29 (N-S) x 16.5 (E-W) km and has been active for the past 140,000 years, during which is has produced about 7 cubic km of mostly basaltic lava. The last eruption was as recently as about 600 years ago when the cone of Rangitoto Island was formed. About 20 eruptions have occurred during the past 20,000 years, suggesting an average recurrence interval of approx. 1000 years.
Since eruptions could (and likely will) occur again in the future, it is a considerable hazard to Auckland city, especially since the time between first signs (seismic swarms, ground movements, gas emissions) to an eruption could be relatively short (weeks to months).

Avachinsky (Volcano)

Avachinsky towering above Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka's largest city, is one of Kamchatka's most active volcanoes. It typically erupts every few years to decades, often producing ash flows and lahars.

Azzorre (Place)

Bachelor (Volcano)

Mount Bachelor (formerly known as Bachelor Butte) in central Oregaon is a symmetrical stratovolcano, which is part of a 25 km long volcanic chain SE of South Sister.
The chain is aligned N-S and consists of the main volcano of Mt Bachelor itself, cinder cones, small shield volcanoes, and lava flows. The youngest eruption (dated by comparison with known dates of overlying and underlying layers) occurred about 6000 years ago at the Egan scoria cone on the north flank. It produced a lava flow that overlies (=is younger than) ash from the 6850 year BP eruption of Crater Lake.

Baluran (Volcano)

Baluran is the easternmost volcano in Java and occupied the NE tip of the island. Gunung Baluran is a small andestic volcano with a broad U-shaped crater breached to the NE.
Baluran is located in the Baluran National Park which covers 25,000 hectares and is famous for its abundant wildlife including buffalo, deer, banteng, leaf monkeys, monitor lizards, squirrels, fruit bats, civet cats, and leopards.

Banua Wuhu (Volcano)

Banua Wuhu is a submarine volcano in the Sangihe Islands, Indonesia, 45 km south of Awu. The volcano rises more than 400 m from the sea floor and almost reaches the surface, forming a shallow shoal at 5 m depth. Banua Wuhu, during some of its eruptions, has created temporary islands, which were eroded subsequently by wave action. Adjacent Mahengetang island belongs to the same volcanic edifice. Separate vents are found to the northeast (Kahakitang) and north (Kalama) of Banua Wuhu.

Bárcena (Volcano)

Barcena volcano forms the southern part and most significant feature of Isla San Benedicto, the 3rd largest and north-easternmost of the 4 Islas Revillagigedo islands about 350 km south of Cabo San Lucas, Baja California.
The volcano formed by eruptions during 1952-53 and consists in a 700 m wide and 330 m high tuff cone with a circular crater and a spectacular lava delta on the east side formed by a trachytic lava flow that breached the crater and entered the sea. The eruption was the first historic eruption witnessed in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Bárdarbunga (Volcano)

Bardarbunga (Bárðarbunga) is a large central volcano lying underneath Iceland's 500-m thick Vatnajokull glacier in the center of the country. It is located at the junction between the eastern and northern volcanic rift zones in the area where the present-day center of the mantle hot spot beneath Iceland is thought to be.
Bardarbunga has had about 300-400 eruptions during the past 10,000 years which includes only 23 eruptions historic times (approx the past 1000 years), i.e. it seems to erupt currently at rates of approx. twice per century, the last one having occurred in 1910. A massive explosive-effusive eruption (VEI 6) in 1477 resulted in a large ash and pumice fall-out deposit.
Approx 8600 years ago, Bardarbunga produced the largest known lava flow during the past 10,000 years on earth (more than 21 cubic kilometers of volume). The lava was erupted from the Veidivötn fissure system and traveled more than 100 km to the south coast.

Barren Island (Volcano)

basalt (Volcanology)

Il tipo più comune di roccia vulcanica, con una silice relativamente basso contenuto e in genere scoppiati a vulcani a scudo.

Batu Tara (Volcano)

Batur (Volcano)

Batur is the most active volcano on the popular tourist island of Bali and one of Inondesia's more active ones. During the past centuries, Batur has had a number of small eruptions every few years. Thanks to the scenic beauty of the caldera with its lake and the cone of Batur, it is one of Bali's most popular destinations.

Belirang-Beriti (Volcano)

The compound Belerang-Beriti volcano rises above the Semalako Plain in SW Sumatra, forming a NW-SE-trending massif that contains a 1.2-km-wide crater breached to the NE.

Belknap (Volcano)

Belknap Crater volcano is located near McKenzie Pass, north of the Three Sisters volcanoes in Central Oregon. It is the center and source of one of the largest number of geologically recent eruptions in the Cascade Range. It was very active between about 3000 and 1500 years ago.
The McKenzie highway 242 crosses the barren lava fields on the SE flank and offers with spectacular views toward Mt. Jefferson and the Three Sisters volcanoes.

bentonite (Minerals)

Bentonite è un'argilla generalmente impuro di assorbente in alluminio phyllosilicate costituita soprattutto da montmorillonite.

Besar (Volcano)

Gunung Besar is a 1899-m-high volcano in SE Sumatra with a minor sulfur deposit in its crater.

Bezymjannyj (Volcano)

Bezymianny ("unnamed") was considered extinct until it erupted violently in 1955-56, after a slumber of probably 1000 years. It is one of the most active volcanoes in Kamchatka. The eruption followed a massive flank failure (similar to Mt. St. Helens eruption in 1980) which removed a 0.5 sq km sector of the volcano.

Bibinoi (Volcano)

Bibinoi volcano (Bukit Bibinoi, Bibinoi Hill) on the SE tip of Bacan Island is the largest and SE most of 3 volcanoes on the island, located off the south coast of Halmahera Island, Indonesia. Two other, smaller volcanic centres are Songsu and Lansa.
Binibnoi is separated from the Amasing volcanic complex to the NW by the metamorphic (i.e. non volcanic) Sibela Mountain range.

Black Rock Desert (Volcano)

The Black Rock Desert volcanic field of a group of small volcanic fields in south central Utah, at the eastern margin of the Great Basin. It is the youngest volcanic area in Utah and contains both Utah's youngest known rhyolite dome (0.4 million years old) and its youngest lava flows, the roughly 660-year-old Ice Springs lava flows, located at Ice Springs, 15 km west of Meadow. These lava flows extend 4 km north and west from Black Rock Station.

block (Volcanology: (volcanic) block)

Blocchi vulcaniche sono frammenti di roccia solidificata superiore a 64 mm di diametro. Blocchi comunemente vengono espulsi durante le eruzioni esplosive e consistono di vecchi pezzi dell'edificio del vulcano, ad esempio scorre parti del conduttore, cupole di lava o lava più anziane.

Blue Lake Crater (Volcano)

Blue Lake is a series of at least 3 overlapping explosion craters (maars), located along a NE trend slightly east of the crest of the Cascade Range. The best-known crater, Blue Lake Crater contains a blue lake (800m x 300m) and is probably the youngest. It formed by an eruption about 1300 years ago. It lies immediately west of the popular recreation area of Suttle Lake.

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