Kelud Vulkan

Updated: 27. Mai 2025 17:30 GMT - refresh

Stratovolcano

East Java, Indonesia, -7.93°S / 112.31°E

+Ortszeit:

Sonnenaufgang:

Sonnenuntergang:

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Monduntergang:

Summit height: 1731 m / 5,679 ft

Aktueller Status: normal / ruhend (1 von 5)

Last update: 10 Jan 2025 (currently quiet)

The new lava dome growing inside the lake of Kelut's crater in Nov 2007

Kelud volcano (also spelled Kelut) is one of East Java's most active volcanoes. The volcano has a spectacular large crater that contains a lake, which was a popular weekend destination but also the origin of devastating mud flows (lahars). In Oct-Nov 2007, a new lava dome grew within the lake to form an island, replacing most of the water.
Kelut is notorious among Indonesia's volcanoes for its violent, and often deadly explosive eruptions. One of the worst volcanic disasters occurred during the 1919 eruption, when the (then very large) crater lake drained and formed lahars that killed at least 5160 people. An eruption in 1586 is believed to have caused even more than 10,000 fatalities.

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Typische Aktivität: Explosive. Lava domes, pyroclastic flows. Presence of extensive crater lake at low elevation, generating destructive lahars.
Ausbrüche des Kelud: 1500(?), 1548, 1586 ((sub-)Plinian eruption?), 1641 (sub-Plininan eruption?), 1716, 1752, 1756(?), 1771, 1776, 1785, 1811, 1825, 1826, 1835, 1848, 1849(?), 1864, 1901, 1919, 1920, 1951, 1966, 1967, 1990, Oct-Nov 2007, 13 Feb 2014

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Beschreibung

The relatively inconspicuous, 1731-m-high Kelud stratovolcano contains a summit crater lake that has been the source of some of Indonesia's most deadly eruptions.
A cluster of summit lava domes cut by numerous craters has given the summit a very irregular profile. Satellitic cones and lava domes are also located low on the eastern, western, and SSW flanks. Eruptive activity has in general migrated in a clockwise direction around the summit vent complex. More than 30 eruptions have been recorded from Gunung Kelud since 1000 AD. The ejection of water from the crater lake during Kelud's typically short, but violent eruptions has created pyroclastic flows and lahars that have caused widespread fatalities and destruction.
After more than 5000 persons were killed during an eruption in 1919, an ambitious engineering project sought to drain the crater lake. This initial effort lowered the lake by more than 50 m, but the 1951 eruption deepened the crater by 70 m, leaving 50 million cubic meters of water after repair of the damaged drainage tunnels.
After more than 200 deaths in the 1966 eruption, a new deeper tunnel was constructed, and the lake's volume before the 1990 eruption was only about 1 million cubic meters.

Kelud Volcano Photos

Der aktive Lavadom des Kelut-Vulkans in Ost-Java (November 2007) (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Der wachsende Lavadom des Kelut-Vulkans (Ost-Java, Indonesien) im November 2007 (Photo: Tom Pfeiffer)

Kelud-Vulkan, Ost-Java, Indonesien (Photo: Jiri VonDrak)

Leuchtender Fels fällt aus dem aktiven Lavadom des Kelut-Vulkans (November 2007). (c)

More photos

Bedeutende Vulkanausbrüche: Kelud volcano

In the past 10,000 years, Kelud has had at least 37 confirmed volcanic eruptions, out of which 36 are documented by historical records, while the others can be inferred from geological evidence.
Additionally, there are 4 uncertain or discredited eruptions from Kelud volcano.

The table below lists all known eruptions (date in bold face) of Kelud volcano since around 1800. Updates on the most recent volcanic activity of Kelud can be found on the news page of Kelud volcano.

Datum	Hinweis	VEI	Todesopfer	Schaden
2014 Feb 13 - Feb 15	Summit crater lake Hist. dokumentiert	4		unbekannt
2014 Feb 13 (Ausbruch 2014 Feb 13 - Feb 15)	Hist. dokumentiert	0	7	schwer	Info
2014 Feb 13: 12 February-18 February 2014. PVMBG reported that at 2115 on 13 February the Alert Level for Kelut was raised to 4 (on a scale of 1-4). Visitors and residents were prohibited from approaching the crater within a 10-km radius. BNPB reported that a major eruption occurred less than two hours later at 2250, followed by another large explosion at 2330. Ash plumes rose to an altitude of 17 km (55,800 ft) a.s.l. and caused ashfall in areas NE, NW, and W, as far as Pacitan (133 km WSW), Kulon Progo (236 km W), Temanggung (240 km WNW), and Banyuwangi (228 km E). Forty flights from the Juanda (81 km NE), Adi Sucipto Yogya (208 km W), and Adi Sumarmo Solo (175 km WNW) airports were cancelled. News articles reported that flights in and out of seven airports were cancelled or rerouted. Ashfall and tephra 5-8 cm in diameter caused structures to collapse, including schools, homes, and businesses. On 14 February BNPB reported that the eruption had killed four people: one died due to a collapsing wall, one from ash inhalation, and two from "shortness of breath". All four victims lived within 7 km of Kelut in the regency of Malang, an area that received ashfall up to 20 cm thick. By 0600 the number of displaced people reached 100,248, but the report also noted that activity had declined. A report issued later that day noted that 76,388 people remained evacuated. Seismicity continued to decline and was at moderate levels during 15-17 February. An 18 February report noted that a total of seven people in Malang had died, and that the ashfall had affected cattle health and dairy production, farms, and the water supply. Damage to infrastructure in Malang included 3,782 houses, 20 government buildings, 251 schools, nine hospitals, and 36 churches. (reference #2432) Cited references #2432 Venzke, E., R.W. Wunderman, L. McClelland, T. Simkin, J.F. Luhr, L. Siebert, and G. Mayberry (eds.) (2002-): Global Volcanism, 1968 to the Present. Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program Digital Information Series, GVP-4 (http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/). Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
2007 Okt 16 ±15 d. - 2008 Apr 16 ±15 d.	Hist. dokumentiert	2		unbekannt
1998 Jul (Eruptionsepisode 1998 Jul)	Hist. dokumentiert	0	10	unbekannt	Info
1998 Jul: No eruption. (reference #9675) Cited references #9675 Siebert, Lee, Tom Simkin, Paul Kimberly (2010): Fatalities & Evacuations, Volcanoes of the World, Third Edition, Geoscience Press, Inc., University of California Press, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., p. 329-347. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1990 Nov 25 (Ausbruch 1990 Feb 10 - Mär 13 ±45 d.)	Hist. dokumentiert	0	4	unbekannt	Info
1990 Nov 25: Lahars that overflowed a river channel in the Blitar region (~30 km S of the summit) killed 4 people. No eruption. (reference #9675) Cited references #9675 Siebert, Lee, Tom Simkin, Paul Kimberly (2010): Fatalities & Evacuations, Volcanoes of the World, Third Edition, Geoscience Press, Inc., University of California Press, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., p. 329-347. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1990 Feb 10 - Mär 13 ±45 d.	Hist. dokumentiert	4		unbekannt
1990 Feb 10 (Ausbruch 1990 Feb 10 - Mär 13 ±45 d.)	Hist. dokumentiert	4	32	unbekannt	Info
1990 Feb 10: 30 deaths on 10 Feb with most of the damage and casualties attributed to heavy tephra falls causing house roofs to collapse. By 20 Feb official death toll had risen to 32. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1967 Dez 11	Crater floor at foot of Kelut Peak Hist. dokumentiert	1		unbekannt
1967 Feb 18	Hist. dokumentiert	1		unbekannt
1966 Apr 26 - Apr 27	Hist. dokumentiert	4		unbekannt
1966 Apr 26 (Ausbruch 1966 Apr 26 - Apr 27)	Hist. dokumentiert	4	215	unbekannt	Info
1966 Apr 26: Main lahar entered R Badak attaining maximum height of 25 m and maximim distance of 31 km in SW direction. Initial reports listed 208 killed, 78 missing, 86 wounded; later official reports list 211 primary lahar, 3 secondary lahar, and 1 pyroclastic flow fatality. Other sources give death tolls ranging from 210 to 288. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1951 Aug 31	Hist. dokumentiert	4		unbekannt
1951 Aug 31	Hist. dokumentiert	3	7	unbekannt	Info
Volcano observer and 2 assistants killed at the crater observatory along with 4 babmoo cutters within the devasted zone. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1920 Dez 6 - Dez 12	Hist. dokumentiert	2		unbekannt
1919 Mai 19 - Mai 20	Hist. dokumentiert	4		unbekannt
1919 Mai 19 (Ausbruch 1919 Mai 19 - Mai 20)	Hist. dokumentiert	4	5,110	katastrophal	Info
1919 Mai 19: 5,110 killed, 9,000 houses destroyed, 104 villages destroyed. Pyroclastic flows were produced but inference is that deaths resulted from lahars. Volcano Letter (VL) and some other sources give death total as 5,500. Kusumadinata-79 gives 0519-20 date. (reference #9675) Cited references #1651 Kusumadinata K (1979): Data Dasar Gunungapi Indonesia. Bandung: Volc Surv Indonesia, 820 p (in Indonesian) #9675 Siebert, Lee, Tom Simkin, Paul Kimberly (2010): Fatalities & Evacuations, Volcanoes of the World, Third Edition, Geoscience Press, Inc., University of California Press, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., p. 329-347. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1901 Mai 22 - Mai 23	Hist. dokumentiert	3		unbekannt
1901 Mai 22 (Ausbruch 1901 Mai 22 - Mai 23)	Hist. dokumentiert	3	50-100 (*)	unbekannt	Info
1901 Mai 22: Many deaths. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1875 Jan 29	Diskreditierter Ausbruch
1875 Jan 29	Hist. dokumentiert	0	1-50 (*)	mittel	Info
No eruption. Failure of W crater wall freed lakewater producing lahar that killed an unknown number and destroyed 30 villages. Kusumadinata-79 give this as 30 wounded. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. #1651 Kusumadinata K (1979): Data Dasar Gunungapi Indonesia. Bandung: Volc Surv Indonesia, 820 p (in Indonesian) Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1864 Jan 4 ?	Hist. dokumentiert	2		unbekannt
1864 Jan 3 (Ausbruch 1864 Jan 4 ?)	Hist. dokumentiert	2	54	unbekannt	Info
1864 Jan 3: Death toll from Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlendisch-Indie. Kusumadinata-79 gives many killed, hundreds of houses destroyed, many cattle killed (& 0103 date). Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. #1651 Kusumadinata K (1979): Data Dasar Gunungapi Indonesia. Bandung: Volc Surv Indonesia, 820 p (in Indonesian) Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1851 Jan 24	Hist. dokumentiert	2		unbekannt
?? 1849	Unsicherer Ausbruch	?		unbekannt
1848 Mai 16 - Mai 17	Hist. dokumentiert	3		unbekannt
1848 Mai 16	Hist. dokumentiert	2	21	sehr schwer	Info
21 killed, 11 villages, and 800 houses destroyed. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1835	Hist. dokumentiert	2		unbekannt
1826 Okt 11 - Okt 25	Hist. dokumentiert	4?		unbekannt
1826 Okt 11 (Ausbruch 1826 Okt 11 - Okt 25)	Hist. dokumentiert	3	1-50 (*)	schwer	Info
1826 Okt 11: Unknown number killed, 65 villages destroyed. kusumadinata-79 gives this as 65 wounded. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. #1651 Kusumadinata K (1979): Data Dasar Gunungapi Indonesia. Bandung: Volc Surv Indonesia, 820 p (in Indonesian) Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1825	Hist. dokumentiert	2		unbekannt
1811 Jun 5	Hist. dokumentiert	2		unbekannt

(*) Geschätzte Zahlen

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Anmerkung:

Unsere Liste von Vulkanausbrüchen orientiert sich eng an der Datenbank des Global Volcanism Project (GVP) des Smithsonian Instituts, der international anerkanntesten globalen Datenquelle für Vulkanausbrüche. Sie schließt aber auch bedeutende Eruptionsepisoden oder damit zusammenhängende Vulkanereignisse ein. Unter "Vulkanausbrüchen" versteht man in der Regel meist Serien einzelner Eruptionsepisoden, die zeitlich aufeinander folgen oder sich (bei mehreren beteiligten Ausbruchspunkten an einem Vulkan) auch überlappen können und unter Umständen viele Jahre, Jahrzehnte oder noch länger andauern können. So ist z.B. die aktuelle Tätigkeit des Stromboli als ein einziger Ausbruch verstanden, der seit 1934 anhält.

Quellen: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K | Global Volcanism Project / Smithsonian Institution

Ausbrüche des Vulkans Kelud

13 Feb 2014 explosive eruption
A violent explosion occurred on the evening of 13 Feb 2014, destroying the lava dome.
An ash column rose to 10-15 km altitude and formed a plume of several 100 km length and width that drifted over the Indian Ocean. Heavy ash fall occurred in distances of up to 200 km, and several airports on Java needed to shut down temporarily.
Kelut volcano eruption update

2007 eruption
The 2007 eruption was almost purely effusive and built a new lava dome, replacing the previous lake.

Kelud Volcano FAQ

+When was the last eruption of Kelud volcano?

The last confirmed eruption of Kelud occurred im Jahr 2014.

+How often does Kelud volcano erupt?

Since 1000 AD, Kelud volcano has had at least 36 historically documented eruptions. This means that it erupts on average every 28.5 years.

+How active is Kelud volcano at present?

Kelud volcano is infrequently active: Since 1900, it has had 10 eruptions, and been active during 10 years out of 126 as of now. This means, Kelud has been in eruption one in 12.6 years on average. The last eruption was in 2014 and ended 11 years ago.

+When was the largest eruption of Kelud volcano?

The largest eruption of Kelud volcano in historic times occurred im Jahr 1586 AD. It ranks as a plinian eruption with a magnitude 5 on the VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) scale. Eruption of this size are often catastrophic on a regional scale.

Neueste Satellitenbilder

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Letzte Satellitenbilder

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Below is a selection of maps showing the location and surroundings of the volcano at various resolutions based on aerial-imagery / terrain maps. Feel free to use them for non-commercial purposes on your blog or website as long as you credit them with a link back to this page (click to copy it).