Kolumbo volcano
Updated: May 30, 2023 05:57 GMT -
submarine volcano -18 m / -60 ft
Greece, 36.52°N / 25.49°E
Current status: normal or dormant (1 out of 5)
Greece, 36.52°N / 25.49°E
Current status: normal or dormant (1 out of 5)
Last update: 20 Apr 2021
Hydrothermal vents occur when sea water enters the crust and comes in contact with the volcano's magma chamber. The hot fluid becomes enriched with minerals and then emerges through the vent; when it comes in contact with the colder seawater, its minerals are deposited and create mounds and 'chimneys'. Cyanobacteria use the hot water and minerals as an energy source through a process called chemosynthesis; this vent is covered with red, white, and black bacterial mats. Image taken by the ROV Hercules developed by the Institute for Exploration at Kolumbo underwater volcano, located northeast of Santorini in the Aegean Sea. Image courtesy of the Institute for Exploration, the University of Rhode Island (URI) Graduate School of Oceanography (GSO), and the URI Institute for Archaeological Oceanography.
Kolumbo (or Kolumbos) volcano is an active submarine volcano located 8 km NE of Santorini Island in the Aegean Sea. The volcano forms an elliptical SW-NE elongated 3 km wide cone with a 500 m deep and 1.5 km wide crater, whose rim's highest parts rise to 18-15 m beneath sea level.
The crater floor, in particular in its northern part, contains a large and very active high-temperature fumarole field.
The crater of Kolumbo volcano is a small caldera which could have (at least in parts) formed during the volcano's only known, but very violent last eruption which occurred in 1650 AD.
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Kolumbo volcano eruptions: 1650
Latest nearby earthquakes
| Time | Mag. / Depth | Distance/Location | ||
| Thursday, May 18, 2023 GMT (1 quake) | ||||
| May 18, 2023 9:04 am (GMT +3) (May 18, 2023 06:04 GMT) | 3.1 10 km | 37 km (23 mi) Aegean Sea, 20 km southwest of Ios, Nomos Kykladon, South Aegean, Greece | ||
Background
The large hydrothermal field in the northern part of the caldera at about 500 m depth contains a massive Kuroko-style sulfide deposit. Only few such deposits are known world-wide and they are of great interest, especially because of the typically high content of gold and silver in the sulfides. In 2010, the exploration Vessel (E/V) Nautilus discovered steep, up to 6 m high chimneys of sulfides above one of the vents.1650 eruption of Kolumbo volcano
The 1650 eruption was a very explosive event and ejected pumice and ash as far as Turkey, and produced pyroclastic flows that killed about 70 people on Santorini. During the eruption, it constructed a temporary island (hence it's name Kolumbo, in Greece "swimming"). A tsunami occurred as well, probably during the collapse of the cone. It caused damage on nearby islands up to 150 km and invaded the flat coastal areas especially on the eastern side of Santorini, where ruins from Roman times were uncovered. The eruption also caused damage killed a great number of livestock because of poisonous gasses, mainly H2S.
Links:
- Thera 2006 Expedition Summary (NOAA Ocean Explorer)
- Special Volume of Oceanography(pdf)
- Follow Dr. Robert Ballard and his team as they explore the ocean on the E/V Nautilus
See also: Sentinel hub | Landsat 8 | NASA FIRMS
