Volcanoes, Eruptions and Earthquakes in Flores

Volcanoes of Flores

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Significant volcanic eruptions: Flores

In historic times, at least 8 volcanoes have been active in Flores, including Lewotobi, Egon, and Leroboleng volcanoes. A total of 53 eruptions have been witnessed and documented since around 1671 AD.
The table below lists the most recent volcanic eruptions, significant eruptive episodes or related events in Flores since 1900.

Date	Volcano	VEI	Region	Deaths	Damage
2023 Dec 23 - ongoing	Lewotobi	2	Flores (Indonesia)
2008 Apr 15 - Apr 28 ?	Egon	2	Flores (Indonesia)
2005 Feb 6 - Feb 27	Egon Summit and southern flank	1	Flores (Indonesia)
2004 Jul 3 - Sep 16 ?	Egon	2	Flores (Indonesia)
2004 Jan 29 - Feb 5 ?	Egon	1	Flores (Indonesia)
2004 Jan 29 (eruption 2004 Jan 29 - Feb 5 ?)	Egon	1	Flores (Indonesia)	1		Info
2004 Jan 29: One person was killed by smoke and ash inhalation; another fatality from unknown causes may have occurred. (reference #9675) Cited references #9675 Siebert, Lee, Tom Simkin, Paul Kimberly (2010): Fatalities & Evacuations, Volcanoes of the World, Third Edition, Geoscience Press, Inc., University of California Press, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., p. 329-347. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
2003 May 30 - Sep 1 or later	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	2	Flores (Indonesia)
2003 Jun 26 - Jul 29	Leroboleng	3	Flores (Indonesia)
2002 Oct 12	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	1	Flores (Indonesia)
2001 Jan 11 - Mar 16 ±15 d.	Inielika Summit crater complex	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1999 Mar 31 - Jul 1 ?	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1991 May 11 - 1992 Dec 31 or later	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	1	Flores (Indonesia)
1991 Mar 16 ±15 d.	Ranakah Anak Ranakah	1	Flores (Indonesia)
1990 Jan 28 - Jun 16 ±15 d.	Lewotobi Lewotabi Lakilaki	1	Flores (Indonesia)
1987 Dec 28 - 1989 Apr 16 ±15 d.	Ranakah Anak Ranakah	3	Flores (Indonesia)
1971 Jan 16 ±15 d.	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1970 Jul 2 ±182 d.	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1969 Feb 27	Ebulobo	2?	Flores (Indonesia)
1968 Nov 28 - 1969 Feb 2	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1969 Jan 27 - Jan 30	Iya Crater II (upper SW flank)	3	Flores (Indonesia)
1969 Jan 28 (eruption 1969 Jan 27 - Jan 30)	Iya	3	Flores (Indonesia)	2	very heavy	Info
1969 Jan 28: 2 killed, 10 wounded, 1 village totally destroyed and 7 partly destroyed, 287 houses destroyed. VSI report houses were damaged on the island of Ende and one person was killed. Secondary lahars later caused another fatality. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. #1678 VSI (1993): Volc Surv Indonesia. 1993. Journal of volcanic activity in Indonesia, v 1 Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1968 Jun 3 - Jul 29	Kelimutu Tiwu Nua Muri	1	Flores (Indonesia)
1953 Sep 4 - Sep 5	Iya	2?	Flores (Indonesia)
1941 Aug 23 ±8 d.	Ebulobo	0?	Flores (Indonesia)
1939 Dec 17 - 1940 Apr 21	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1938 May - Jun	Ebulobo	?	Flores (Indonesia)
1938 May - Jun	Kelimutu	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1935 Dec - Dec 25 or later	Lewotobi Lewetobi Perempuan	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1932 May 23 - 1933 Dec 26 ±5 d.	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	3	Flores (Indonesia)
1924 Nov	Ebulobo	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1921 Jan 1 - Dec 20	Lewotobi Lewotobi Perempuan	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1914 Jun 29	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1909 Jan 8 - 1910 May 26	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1910 Apr 10	Ebulobo	2	Flores (Indonesia)
1907 Sep 28 - Oct 30	Lewotobi Lewotobi Lakilaki	3	Flores (Indonesia)
1907 Sep 28 (eruption 1907 Sep 28 - Oct 30)	Lewotobi	2	Flores (Indonesia)	1		Info
1907 Sep 28: 1 killed, several wounded. Cited references #1412 Simkin, Tom, and Lee Siebert with the collaboration of Russell Blong, Jonathan Dehn, Christopher Newhall, Roland Pool, and Thomas C. Stein (1994): Volcanoes of the World, Second Edition, A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, Geoscience Press, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, in association with Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, D.C., p. 164-176. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Earthquake Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1905 Nov	Inielika	2	Flores (Indonesia)

Remark:

Our list of volcanic eruptions closely follows the database of eruptions of the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Project (GVP), the internationally most recognized data source for volcanic eruptions, but also includes significant eruptive episodes or related volcano events. "Volcanic eruptions" are usually to be understood as sequences of individual eruptive episodes that can follow each other, or even overlap (if several vents are involved), and can last many years, decades or even longer. For example, the current activity of Stromboli volcano is understood as a single eruption that has been ongoing since 1934.

Sources: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K | Global Volcanism Project / Smithsonian Institution

Flores FAQ

+When was the last volcanic eruption in Flores?

The last volcanic eruption in Flores was from Lewotobi volcano. It began in 2023 and is continuing (as of April 2025).

+When was the first documented volcanic eruption in Flores?

The first historically documented eruption occurred around 1671 AD from Iya volcano.

+How often do volcanoes in Flores erupt?

Since 1671 AD, Flores has seen at least 53 historically documented eruptions. This means that a volcano erupts on average every 6.7 years.

+How active are the volcanoes in Flores?

Flores is volcanically relatively active: Since 1900, at least 8 volcanoes in Flores have been active.Since 1900, Flores has had 34 volcanic eruptions from 8 individual volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions have been recorded erupted during 35 years out of 126 as of now. This means, at least one volcano in Flores has been in eruption in one in 3.6 years on average. The latest eruption from Lewotobi volcano volcano is still continuing at present.

+When was the largest volcanic eruption in Flores?

The largest eruption in Flores in historic times was from Leroboleng volcano. It occurred in 2003. It ranks as a "vulcanian" eruption with a magnitude 3 on the VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) scale.

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