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Volcanoes of Iceland

Askja | Bardarbunga | Blafell | Blafjall | Brennisteinsfjöll | Burfell | Eldey | Eríksjokull | Esjufjöll | Eyafjallajökull | Fjallgardar Ridge | Fremrinámar | Gaesafjoll | Geysir | Grensdalur | Grímsnes | Grímsvötn | Heiðarsporðar | Hekla | Helgrindur | Hengill | Herdubreid | Hlodufell | Hofsjökull volcano | Hreppar | Hrómundartindur | Hrutfell | Hveravellir | Katla | Kerlingarfjöll | Kistufell | Kolbeinsey Ridge | Krafla | Krísuvík | Kverkfjöll | Lambafjoll | Langjökull | Ljósufjöll | Loki-Fögrufjöll volcano | Lyngdalsheidi | Lysuhóll | Ok | Öraefajökull | Prestahnukur | Reykjanes | Sellandafjall | Snaefellsjökull | Strutur | Theistareykjarbunga | Thordarhyrna | Thorisjokull | Tindfjallajökull | Tjörnes Fracture Zone | Torfajökull | Tungnaarfjoll | Tungnafellsjökull | Valdalda | Vatnafjöll | Vestmannaeyjar
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Iceland, the land of ice and fire, is a true paradise for volcanologists. In few places on earth, geology and human history are so closely connected to volcanism as on Iceland. The island owes its existence to a large volcanic hot spot sitting on a mid-oceanic ridge, a unique setting. The plate boundary between the American and Eurasian tectonic plates crosses Iceland from south to North and the spreading process can be directly measured and observed on land.

Location of Iceland and the North Atlantic mid-ocean ridge where the American and Eurasian plates separate
Location of Iceland and the North Atlantic mid-ocean ridge where the American and Eurasian plates separate
Simplified map of Iceland showing its active volcanoes
Simplified map of Iceland showing its active volcanoes

Iceland and its volcanoes

Iceland has the land area of Virginia and the population of Virginia Beach (about 260,000 people). The country has the highest literacy rate (100%) of any nation in the world. Its history has always been closely related to volcanoes and knowledge of many volcanic eruptions since the middle ages are preserved in accounts.
First settled by Vikings in the 9th century AD, Iceland established its own parliament in 930 and recorded its first historical volcanic eruption only a few years later. After a golden age of literature in the 12th and 13th centuries (when the sagas were written), natural history reporting reached a low around the 15th century. In the years 1707-09 a third of the population died from smallpox, and the 1783-84 Laki eruption killed a fifth of the remaining population by famine. Iceland gained sovereignty from Denmark in 1918 and complete independence in 1944.
Iceland is noted for subglacial and regional fissure eruptions related to the rifting process between the separating plates.
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(adapted from GVP/Smithsonian Institution)
Latest news
Wed, 10 May 2023, 14:00

Katla volcano (Iceland) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 3 May-9 May 2023 (New Activity / Unrest)

Iceland Met Office (IMO) reported that an intense seismic swarm began at Katla at 0941 on 4 May with three earthquakes larger than M 4 occurring beneath the caldera within about 10 minutes. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow, the second lowest level on a four-color scale. According to a news article the three largest events were magnitudes 4.8, 4.7, and 4.5, adjusted from previous estimates of 4.5, 4.3, and 4.2. ... Read all
Sun, 7 May 2023, 02:55

Katla volcano (Iceland): seismic swarm slowed down, alert status lowered to Green

Katla volcano is back to Green level (image: IMO)
The ongoing earthquake swarm, starting about a week ago, seems to have waned. ... Read all
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