Date | Volcano | VEI | Region | Deaths | Damage | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nyamuragira Summit caldera | 0 | DRCongo | ||||
Nyiragongo | 2 | DRCongo | ||||
Erta Ale | 0 | Danakil depression, Ethiopia | ||||
Ol Doinyo Lengai North Crater | 0 | Tanzania | ||||
2021 May 22 (eruption | Nyiragongo | 2 | DRCongo | 32 | heavy | Info |
Nyamuragira Summit crater | 0 | DRCongo | ||||
Ol Doinyo Lengai North Crater | 0 | Tanzania | ||||
Nyamuragira Summit crater | 0 | DRCongo | ||||
Ol Doinyo Lengai North Crater | 0 | Tanzania | ||||
Ol Doinyo Lengai North Crater | 0 | Tanzania | ||||
Jebel Zubair Jadid Island | 2 | Yemen | ||||
Nabro Summit crater and NW flank | 4 | Eritrea | ||||
Nyamuragira NW flank | 2 | DRCongo | ||||
Jebel Zubair Sholan Island | 2 | Yemen | ||||
Dallol Dallol crater | 0 | Danakil desert, Ethiopia | ||||
Ol Doinyo Lengai North Crater | 3 | Tanzania | ||||
Nyamuragira Summit caldera and SSE flank | 1? | DRCongo | ||||
Manda Hararo | 2? | Danakil depression, Ethiopia | ||||
Dalafilla W and NW of Dalaffilla | 3? | Erta Ale range (Danakil | ||||
Jebel al-Tair | 3? | Yemen | ||||
Jebel al-Tair | 0 | Yemen | 7 | Info | ||
Manda Hararo | 2 | Danakil depression, Ethiopia | ||||
Nyamuragira South flank | 2 | DRCongo | ||||
Ol Doinyo Lengai North Crater | 1 | Tanzania | ||||
Dabbahu NE flank (Da'Ure) | 3? | Ethiopia | ||||
Nyamuragira Summit and NNW flank | 2? | DRCongo | ||||
Nyamuragira Summit caldera, north & south flanks | 2? | DRCongo | ||||
Nyiragongo South flank (2800-1570 m), summit crater | 1 | DRCongo | ||||
2002 Jan 17 (eruption | Nyiragongo | 1 | DRCongo | 100 | heavy | Info |
Nyamuragira North and SSE flanks | 2? | DRCongo | ||||
Cameroon Upper SW flank (4000, 3470-3220, 2750 m) | 2? | Cameroon | ||||
Nyamuragira SE flank (Ngerageze) | 2? | DRCongo |
The last volcanic eruption in Africa and the Red Sea was from Nyamuragira volcano. It began in 2018 and is continuing (as of May 2025).
The first historically documented eruption occurred around 450 BC from Cameroon volcano.
Since 450 BC, Africa and the Red Sea has seen at least 157 historically documented eruptions. This means that a volcano erupts on average every 15.8 years.
Africa and the Red Sea is volcanically extremely active: Since 1900, at least 19 volcanoes in Africa and the Red Sea have been active. Every year, at least one volcano has been in eruption in Africa and the Red Sea. The latest eruption from Nyamuragira volcano volcano is still continuing at present.
The largest eruption in Africa and the Red Sea in historic times was from Nabro volcano. It occurred during 2011 - 2012. It ranks as a sub-plinian eruption with a magnitude 4 on the VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) scale.
Date and Time | Mag / Depth | Nearest Volcano / Location | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 21, 05:38 pm (GMT +2) | 3.1 10 km | 2001 km (1243 mi) SW of | South Africa I FELT IT | Info | |
Monday, May 19, 2025 GMT (2 quakes) | |||||
May 19, 04:41 pm (GMT +1) | 3.2 37 km | 27 km (17 mi) NW of | W Frontera.Ihi I FELT IT | Info | |
May 19, 02:01 pm (GMT +0) | 5.0 10 km | 169 km (105 mi) NE of | 172 km ENE of Georgetown, Saint Helena I FELT IT | Info | |
Sunday, May 18, 2025 GMT (1 quake) | |||||
May 18, 08:56 pm (GMT +3) | 4.4 10 km | 229 km (142 mi) W of | 119 km ESE of Madimba, Tanzania I FELT IT | Info | |
Saturday, May 17, 2025 GMT (1 quake) | |||||
May 18, 02:58 am (Tehran) | 3.4 8 km | 407 km (253 mi) SW of | Western Iran I FELT IT | Info | |
Friday, May 16, 2025 GMT (1 quake) | |||||
May 16, 03:53 am (Dar es Salaam) | 4.7 10 km | 6 km (3.7 mi) NE of | 3 km NW of Mbeya, Tanzania I FELT IT - 5 reports | Info |
From: Kious and Tilling, 1996, This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics: USGS Online version 1.08
In East Africa, spreading processes have already torn Saudi Arabia away from the rest of the African continent, forming the Red Sea. The actively splitting African Plate and the Arabian Plate meet in what geologists call a triple junction, where the Red Sea meets the Gulf of Aden. A new spreading centre may be developing under Africa along the East African Rift Zone. When the continental crust stretches beyond its limits, tension cracks begin to appear on the Earth's surface. Magma rises and squeezes through the widening cracks, sometimes to erupt and form volcanoes. The rising magma, whether or not it erupts, puts more pressure on the crust to produce additional fractures and, ultimately, the rift zone.
East Africa may be the site of the Earth's next major ocean. Plate interactions in the region provide scientists an opportunity to study first hand how the Atlantic may have begun to form about 200 million years ago. Geologists believe that, if spreading continues, the three plates that meet at the edge of the present-day African continent will separate completely; allowing the Indian Ocean to flood the area and making the easternmost corner of Africa (the Horn of Africa) a large island.